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Related Concept Videos

Tension01:10

Tension

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Tension is a force along the length of a medium, in particular, a force carried by a flexible medium, such as a rope or cable. The word "tension" comes from Latin, meaning "to stretch". Not coincidentally, the flexible cords that carry muscle forces to other parts of the body are called tendons. Any flexible connector, such as a string, rope, chain, wire, or cable, can exert pull only parallel to its length; so, a force carried by a flexible connector is a tension with a...
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Deformations in a Transverse Cross Section01:21

Deformations in a Transverse Cross Section

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When a material is subjected to uniaxial stress, it elongates or contracts in the direction of the applied force, and also undergoes changes in the perpendicular directions. This behavior is crucial for understanding how materials behave under stress and is governed by mechanical properties such as Poisson's ratio v, which measures the ratio of transverse strain to axial strain.
As the material stretches, it expands or contracts in orthogonal directions to the load. This phenomenon varies...
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Somatic Spinal Reflexes01:22

Somatic Spinal Reflexes

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Somatic spinal reflexes are rapid, involuntary muscular responses to external stimuli that involve the somatic musculature and the spinal cord.
One of the most well-known somatic spinal reflexes is the stretch reflex, which is activated by the sudden stretching of a muscle. This reflex involves the activation of specialized sensory receptors called muscle spindles, which are located in the muscle tissue and detect changes in the length and speed of muscle contractions. When a muscle is suddenly...
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Bending and Torsional Moments01:20

Bending and Torsional Moments

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Bending and torsional moments are two fundamental concepts in structural engineering. They play an important role in understanding the behavior of materials and structures under different loading conditions.
The reaction developed in a structural element when subjected to an external force causes the element to bend. When a structural element bends upwards, it creates compressive normal forces on the top and tensile normal forces on the bottom, resulting in a couple that determines the bending...
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Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Skeletal Muscles01:20

Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Skeletal Muscles

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Excitation-contraction coupling is a series of events that occur between generating an action potential and initiating a muscle contraction. It occurs at the triad, a structure found in skeletal muscle fibers that comprise a T-tubule and terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum on each side. These triads are visible in longitudinally sectioned muscle fibers. They are typically located at the A-I junction — the junction between the A and I bands of the sarcomere.
When an action...
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Behavior of Concrete Under Compressive Load01:23

Behavior of Concrete Under Compressive Load

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Concrete exhibits specific behaviors under different compressive loads. Understanding this is crucial for understanding its structural integrity. When concrete undergoes uniaxial compression, it tends to develop cracks that run parallel to the direction of the force. These parallel cracks stem from localized tensile stresses that occur perpendicular to the compression direction. Additionally, angled cracks may appear due to the formation of shear planes.
As the concrete specimen fractures under...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE as a Suture Material in Tendon Surgery
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Transverse Compression of Tendons.

S T Samuel Salisbury, C Paul Buckley, Amy B Zavatsky

    Journal of Biomechanical Engineering
    |February 3, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study investigated bovine tendon deformation under compression, revealing that geometric changes significantly influence stiffening. These findings enhance our understanding of soft tissue mechanics and biomechanical modeling.

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    Ex vivo Mechanical Loading of Tendon
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    Area of Science:

    • Biomechanics
    • Materials Science
    • Orthopedic Research

    Background:

    • Tendon mechanical properties are crucial for understanding tissue function and injury.
    • Previous models often simplify tendon behavior under complex loading conditions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the transverse compression deformation of bovine digital extensor tendons.
    • To model tendon behavior using an anisotropic hyperelastic constitutive model and finite-element analysis.

    Main Methods:

    • Compression testing of bovine digital extensor tendons between flat rigid plates.
    • In situ image-based measurement of cross-sectional shapes and displacement.
    • Finite-element (FE) simulations combined with inverse analysis of creep data.

    Main Results:

    • Modeled tendon response as an isotropic, slightly compressible, neo-Hookean solid.
    • Determined Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio through inverse analysis (0.31 MPa and 0.49 for idealized, 0.14-0.10 MPa for specific tendons).
    • Observed increasing stiffening with load, attributed to geometric changes in the tendon's cross-section.

    Conclusions:

    • Tendon deformation under transverse compression is significantly influenced by its initial geometry.
    • The study provides valuable data for refining biomechanical models of tendon behavior.
    • Findings contribute to a deeper understanding of soft tissue mechanics in orthopedic applications.