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Related Concept Videos

Acne Infection01:27

Acne Infection

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Acne is a multifactorial skin condition primarily affecting adolescents and young adults, with a global prevalence estimated to exceed 75% in this demographic. The condition is characterized by the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, pustules, nodules, and, in severe cases, cysts, particularly in areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the face, neck, chest, and back. The pathogenesis involves increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, colonization by...
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Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
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Staphylococcal Skin Infections01:29

Staphylococcal Skin Infections

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Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccus that resides harmlessly on the skin and mucous membranes of healthy individuals. When the skin barrier is breached, it can shift from a commensal to an opportunistic pathogen. This transition is facilitated by surface adhesins, such as clumping factor B and S. aureus surface protein G (SasG), which bind to structural proteins, including loricrin and cytokeratin, in the damaged epidermis. Protein A, another key factor, binds the Fc region of...
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Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands01:21

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A sebaceous gland is a type of oil gland found almost all over the skin ( except palms and soles) and helps lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair. Most sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles. They generate and excrete sebum, a mixture of lipids, onto the skin surface, thereby naturally lubricating the dry and dead layer of keratinized cells of the stratum corneum, keeping it pliable.
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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Resolving Water, Proteins, and Lipids from In Vivo Confocal Raman Spectra of Stratum Corneum through a Chemometric Approach
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Atopic eczema.

Sara J Brown1

  • 1Wellcome Trust senior research fellow in clinical science and honorary consultant dermatologist, Skin Research Group, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK s.j.brown@dundee.ac.uk.

Clinical Medicine (London, England)
|February 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Atopic eczema, a chronic skin condition, is increasingly prevalent. Research highlights skin barrier dysfunction as a key factor, influencing treatment strategies and genetic predispositions.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Atopic eczema is a chronic, relapsing inflammatory skin condition with increasing prevalence globally.
  • Skin barrier dysfunction is recognized as a primary precursor and pathological feature.
  • Genetic factors, such as filaggrin gene mutations, contribute to skin barrier defects and atopic disease predisposition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of atopic eczema aetiology, focusing on skin barrier dysfunction.
  • To outline established and emerging treatment modalities for atopic eczema.
  • To discuss the role of genetics in disease development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent advances in atopic eczema research.
  • Analysis of the role of skin barrier function in disease pathogenesis.
Keywords:
Atopicbarrierdermatitiseczema and filaggrin

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  • Summary of current and investigational therapeutic approaches.

    • Main Results:

    • Skin barrier dysfunction is a central element in atopic eczema development and severity.
    • Genetically determined barrier defects predispose individuals to atopic diseases.
    • Standard treatments include emollients, topical steroids, and allergen avoidance.
    • Advanced treatments involve topical calcineurin inhibitors, UV therapy, and systemic immunosuppressants.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding skin barrier dysfunction is crucial for managing atopic eczema.
    • Targeting skin barrier repair and inflammation reduction are key therapeutic goals.
    • Novel biological therapies show promise for future treatment options.