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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacovigilance01:19

Pharmacovigilance

1.9K
Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
In some cases, there...
1.9K
Drug Toxicity: Overview01:00

Drug Toxicity: Overview

185
Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...
185
Drug Toxicity: Risk factors01:24

Drug Toxicity: Risk factors

167
Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are potential complications that arise during pharmacotherapy, influenced by multiple risk factors. Age plays a significant role; both neonates and the elderly are at heightened risk due to their respective immature and diminished metabolic and elimination processes. Gender also impacts ADRs, with females experiencing a 1.5 to 1.7-fold greater risk than males, which may be linked to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and hormonal differences. Notably, neonates, the...
167
Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

132
Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
132
Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios01:26

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios

76
Pharmaceutical poisoning can occur through various channels, impacting an estimated 2 million hospitalized patients in the U.S. annually with serious adverse drug responses. These scenarios encompass both therapeutic uses, such as drug toxicity, where even standard dosages can lead to severe central nervous system depression, and non-therapeutic exposures, including accidental ingestion by children, and environmental and occupational exposures.Unintentional poisonings often involve exploratory...
76
Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions01:16

Drug toxicity: Idiosyncratic Reactions

165
Idiosyncratic drug reactions represent abnormal chemical responses that vary significantly among individuals, ranging from extreme sensitivity to low doses to insensitivity to high doses. These reactions often occur due to the drug's covalent binding with serum proteins, forming a foreign hapten that triggers an immunotoxicological response. The variability in drug reactions has a strong pharmacogenetic foundation, with genetic differences crucial in how individuals metabolize drugs. For...
165

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 26, 2026

A Data Integration Workflow to Identify Drug Combinations Targeting Synthetic Lethal Interactions
07:40

A Data Integration Workflow to Identify Drug Combinations Targeting Synthetic Lethal Interactions

Published on: May 27, 2021

4.7K

Severe adverse drug reactions.

Ying Xin Teo1, Sarah Anne Walsh2

  • 1King's College Hospital, London, UK yteo20@gmail.com.

Clinical Medicine (London, England)
|February 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Early identification and withdrawal of the offending drug are critical for managing severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs), such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis, to improve patient outcomes and prevent long-term complications.

Keywords:
Severe adverse drug reactionsStevens–Johnson syndromeacute generalised exanthematous pustulosisdrug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptomstoxic epidermal necrolysis

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 26, 2026

A Data Integration Workflow to Identify Drug Combinations Targeting Synthetic Lethal Interactions
07:40

A Data Integration Workflow to Identify Drug Combinations Targeting Synthetic Lethal Interactions

Published on: May 27, 2021

4.7K

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) encompass a range of potentially life-threatening dermatological conditions.
  • Examples include Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), and acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical importance of early diagnosis and drug withdrawal in managing SCARs.
  • To emphasize the role of supportive therapy and the potential for long-term sequelae.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes current understanding of SCARs presentation, diagnosis, and management.
  • Focus is placed on the etiological role of culprit drugs and the impact of timely intervention.

Main Results:

  • Prompt identification and cessation of the causative agent are paramount for improving patient prognosis in SCARs.
  • Supportive care forms the cornerstone of treatment for these severe reactions.
  • Long-term sequelae can significantly impair survivors' quality of life, even if not immediately apparent.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of SCARs hinges on early recognition and withdrawal of the implicated drug.
  • Supportive measures are essential, and awareness of potential long-term complications is crucial for comprehensive patient care.