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Wholly Synthetic Molecular Machines.

Chuyang Cheng1, J Fraser Stoddart2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.

Chemphyschem : a European Journal of Chemical Physics and Physical Chemistry
|February 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Physicists and chemists are designing novel molecular machines. Recent advances focus on synthetic rotary and linear motors that require energy to operate away from equilibrium.

Keywords:
dissipative systemsmechanostereochemistrymolecular machinesmolecular motorsrotaxanes

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Area of Science:

  • Chemistry
  • Physics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Significant progress in the design and synthesis of artificial molecular machines over the last 25 years.
  • Evolution from simple prototypes (shuttles, switches) to complex functional devices (motors, pumps).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the development of artificial molecular machines.
  • To highlight recent conceptual and practical advances in wholly synthetic rotary and linear motors.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of molecular machine development.
  • Focus on energy requirements (chemical fuel, electrochemical potential, light activation) for function.
  • Analysis of recent advances in synthetic rotary and linear motors.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of molecular machines functioning as motors and pumps.
  • Emergence of wholly synthetic motors requiring external energy input.
  • Highlighting recent conceptual and practical advances in synthetic rotary and linear motors.

Conclusions:

  • Artificial molecular machines have evolved significantly, moving towards complex functional devices.
  • The field is advancing towards practical applications of synthetic molecules as motors and pumps.
  • Future challenges involve harnessing these molecular machines for work, individually and collectively.