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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
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Pragmatics as Metacognitive Control.

Mikhail Kissine1

  • 1Autisme en Contexte: Théorie et Expérience, Université libre de Bruxelles Bruxelles, Belgium.

Frontiers in Psychology
|February 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This study clarifies pragmatics, distinguishing between selecting interpretation norms and context-sensitive interpretation processes. Understanding these distinctions resolves debates about mind-reading in communication.

Keywords:
Relevance theoryTheory of Mindautism spectrum disorderimplicatureindirect speech actironymetacognitionpragmatic process

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Area of Science:

  • Linguistics
  • Cognitive Science
  • Philosophy of Language

Background:

  • The term 'pragmatics' is often ambiguously used.
  • Existing debates question whether pragmatic processes always require mind-reading (Theory of Mind).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To differentiate two distinct uses of the term 'pragmatics'.
  • To propose a model that resolves disputes regarding the role of mind-reading in pragmatic interpretation.

Main Methods:

  • Conceptual analysis of the term 'pragmatics'.
  • Distinguishing between language-independent norm selection and language-specific metacognitive processes.
  • Proposing a new model for understanding pragmatic processes.

Main Results:

  • Pragmatics involves both selecting interpretation norms (language-independent) and context-sensitive interpretation processes (language-specific).
  • The former may involve Theory of Mind, while the latter can be unconscious and not require mental state representation.
  • A proposed model emphasizes contextually set interpretation norms over a hierarchy of meanings.

Conclusions:

  • Resolving the ambiguity in 'pragmatics' clarifies its relationship with cognitive processes like Theory of Mind.
  • The proposed model offers a framework for understanding how context influences interpretation.
  • This distinction helps reconcile differing views on the necessity of mind-reading in pragmatics.