Three-dimensional Rotational Angiography as a Periprocedural Imaging Tool in Atrial Fibrillation Ablation

Atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation relies increasingly on three-dimensional (3D) visualisation tools to help guide an operator in performing a procedure safely and successfully. Current generation non-fluoroscopic navigation systems can be used as stand-alone tools, but also offer the capability to integrate information from additional imaging studies in order to enhance 3D model accuracy. Between available imaging modalities, 3D rotational angiography offers a set of interesting features such as near realtime availability, applicability in high-volume workflows, integration with other imaging systems (fluoroscopic or non-fluoroscopic) and very low incremental cost per procedure. Applicability of this imaging approach in AF ablation, as a complement or substitute to other imaging/navigation tools, is reviewed.