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Updated: Mar 26, 2026

A New Single Chamber Implantable Defibrillator with Atrial Sensing: A Practical Demonstration of Sensing and Ease of Implantation
16:40

A New Single Chamber Implantable Defibrillator with Atrial Sensing: A Practical Demonstration of Sensing and Ease of Implantation

Published on: February 28, 2012

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Sex Differences in Utilisation and Response to Implantable Device Therapy

Deepika Narasimha1, Anne B Curtis1

  • 1Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, US.

Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Review
|February 3, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Women receive fewer life-saving implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) and cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) despite proven benefits. Addressing this gender gap in device therapy and clinical trials is crucial for equitable patient care.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Medical Devices
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) and cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) offer significant survival benefits.
  • Despite proven efficacy, women are less likely to receive ICDs and CRT.
  • Women are under-represented in clinical trials for cardiac devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review data on sex differences in clinical outcomes with ICDs and CRT.
  • To explore reasons for the observed gender disparity in cardiac device therapy.
  • To highlight the need for equitable access and inclusion in research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing studies on ICD and CRT outcomes stratified by sex.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to gender disparities in device implantation.
  • Examination of clinical trial data regarding female participation.

Main Results:

  • Evidence shows comparable benefits of ICDs and CRT for both men and women.
  • Significant under-representation of female patients in cardiac device trials persists.
  • Performance improvement programs demonstrate potential to reduce gender disparities.

Conclusions:

  • Gender disparities in receiving life-saving ICD and CRT therapies exist.
  • Increased enrollment of women in clinical trials is essential.
  • Sex-specific analyses in medical device studies should be encouraged for better understanding and outcomes.

Keywords:
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillatorcardiac resynchronisation therapygender differences in cardiac device utilisationsudden cardiac death

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