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Cardiac Action Potential

Cardiac Action Potential

Cardiac action potentials are essential for proper heart function, enabling the rhythmic contractions needed for adequate blood circulation. Nodal cells and Purkinje fibers, specialized for electrical conduction, generate these action potentials.
The cardiac action potential process involves a series of phases characterized by the movement of ions across the cardiac cell membranes, leading to the depolarization and repolarization of the cardiac myocytes.
Ionic Basis of Cardiac Action Potentials

Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm

Electrophysiology of Normal Cardiac Rhythm

The normal cardiac rhythm is a synchronized electrical activity that facilitates the regular and coordinated contraction of the heart muscle. This process is essential for efficient blood circulation throughout the body. The fundamental elements involved in establishing and maintaining this rhythm include the unique electrical properties of cardiac muscle cells, the sinoatrial (SA) node's pacemaker function, the specialized conducting system, and the ionic mechanisms underlying each phase...

Action Potential: Phases of Stimulation

Action Potential: Phases of Stimulation

The action potential is a complex electrical event that occurs in excitable cells, such as neurons and muscle cells. It consists of several distinct phases, each with specific characteristics.
Resting Phase:
In this phase, the cell's membrane is at its resting potential, typically around -70 millivolts (mV) for neurons. Inside the cell, there is a higher concentration of potassium ions (K+) and a lower concentration of sodium ions (Na+). Voltage-gated sodium channels are closed, and...

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations

The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...

Dysrhythmias I: Introduction

Dysrhythmias I: Introduction

Dysrhythmias refers to abnormalities in the heart's rhythm. They result from disruptions in the heart's electrical conduction system, which includes the sinoatrial(SA)node, atrioventricular(AV) node, the bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers.Definition and PathophysiologyDysrhythmias result from disorders of impulse formation, impulse conduction, or both. The heart contains specialized cells in the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, and the bundle of His and Purkinje fibers...

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.

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Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Remote Magnetic Navigation for Accurate, Real-time Catheter Positioning and Ablation in Cardiac Electrophysiology Procedures

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Early Repolarisation Syndrome - New Concepts.

Demosthenes G Katritsis¹, Bernard J Gersh², A John Camm³

¹Athens Euroclinic, Athens, Greece, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US.

Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Review

|February 3, 2016

Summary

New research explores early repolarisation syndrome, discussing its genetics, epidemiology, and clinical significance. This study provides updated insights into early repolarisation patterns and their implications.

Keywords:

Early repolarisation syndromes J-wave syndromes

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Published on: January 31, 2019

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Genetics
Epidemiology

Background:

Early repolarisation syndrome (ERS) is a poorly understood condition.
Understanding the genetic and epidemiological factors of ERS is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To present novel concepts regarding early repolarisation syndrome.
To discuss the latest genetics and epidemiology data for ERS.
To explore the clinical significance of early repolarisation patterns.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature on ERS genetics.
Analysis of epidemiological data related to ERS prevalence.
Synthesis of evidence on the clinical impact of ERS.

Main Results:

New genetic insights into ERS.
Updated epidemiological trends for ERS.
Evidence suggesting clinical relevance of ERS patterns.

Conclusions:

Early repolarisation syndrome requires further investigation.
Genetics and epidemiology are key to understanding ERS.
ERS patterns may have significant clinical implications.