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Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Interventional Diagnostic Procedure: A Practical Guide for the Assessment of Coronary Vascular Function
Published on: March 15, 2022
Heart rate never lies: interventional cardiologist and Braude's quote revised
Stéphane Cook1, Jean-Christophe Stauffer1, Jean-Jacques Goy1
1Department of Cardiology , University & Hospital , Fribourg , Switzerland.
Insights
Interventional cardiologists experience increased heart rate (HR) during complex cardiac procedures, indicating mental stress. This study monitored HR variations in these specialists during work and daily life.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Occupational Health
- Physiology
Background:
- Interventional cardiologists perform complex procedures under pressure.
- The perception of stress immunity in these specialists is common.
- Understanding stress markers is crucial for physician well-being.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate heart rate (HR) variations as a stress indicator in interventional cardiologists.
- To compare HR during percutaneous cardiac procedures versus daily life activities.
- To identify potential physiological responses to occupational demands.
Main Methods:
- Single-centre observational study of six male interventional cardiologists.
- Heart rate (HR) monitoring using Apple Watch during procedures and daily activities.
- Included control activities: outpatient consultations, sports, marital conflicts, sexual intercourse.
Main Results:
- Average daily HR was 88±17 bpm.
- HR significantly increased during procedures (90±17 bpm) compared to non-procedural workdays (87±17 bpm).
- Higher HR observed during work weeks versus weekends; complex procedures associated with HR up to 122 bpm.
Conclusions:
- Percutaneous cardiac procedures elevate HR, suggesting mental stress in interventional cardiologists.
- HR increase is independent of physical exertion, highlighting psychological impact.
- Findings indicate significant emotional responses to demanding clinical work.
Background:
Interventional cardiologists may be immune to stress, allowing them to perform complex percutaneous interventions under pressure.
Objectives:
To assess heart rate (HR) variations as a surrogate marker of stress of interventional cardiologists during percutaneous cardiac procedures and in every-day life.
Design:
This is a single-centre observational study including a total of six male interventional cardiologists performing coronary interventions and pacemaker implantations. Participants were asked to record their HR with the Apple Watch Device during procedures, every-day life and control activities such as outpatient consultations, sport, marital conflicts and sexual intercourse.
Results:
Average daily HR was 88±17 bpm. During work days, HR increased significantly during procedures (90±17 bpm) compared with days outside the cathlab (87±17 bpm, p=0.02). The average HR was higher during a regular week working (88±16 bpm) compared with weekends off (84±18 bpm, p=0.002). Complex cardiac procedures were associated with higher HR up to 122 bpm. Peak HR were higher during physical exertion. Of note, participants complained of hypersexuality and mania after night shifts.
Conclusions:
Work and especially percutaneous cardiac procedures increase HR independently of physical exertion suggesting that interventional cardiologists experience mental stress and emotions.
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