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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Processing of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid and Matched Blood for Alveolar Macrophage and CD4+ T-cell Immunophenotyping and HIV Reservoir Assessment
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Effect of Advanced HIV Infection on the Respiratory Microbiome.

Homer L Twigg1, Kenneth S Knox2, Jin Zhou2

  • 11 Department of Medicine.

American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
|February 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary

The lung microbiome in advanced HIV disease differs significantly from healthy individuals, with altered bacterial diversity and composition. These changes persist for years even after treatment with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).

Keywords:
HIV infectionadvanced diseaselung microbiomemicrobial diversity

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Previous research indicated similar lung microbiomes in healthy HIV-infected and uninfected individuals.
  • This study investigated differences in advanced HIV disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize the lung microbiome in HIV-infected individuals with advanced disease.
  • To compare it with an uninfected control population.
  • To assess changes following highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).

Main Methods:

  • 16S rRNA gene sequencing of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid.
  • Comparison of 30 HIV-infected subjects (advanced disease) with 22 uninfected controls.
  • Longitudinal analysis up to 3 years post-HAART initiation.

Main Results:

  • HIV-infected subjects showed decreased alpha diversity and increased beta diversity in lung microbiome compared to controls.
  • Differences persisted for up to 3 years after HAART initiation.
  • Increased abundance of Prevotella and Veillonella observed in HIV BAL post-HAART.

Conclusions:

  • The lung microbiome is significantly altered in advanced HIV disease, differing in diversity and composition.
  • These alterations persist long-term despite HAART.
  • An altered lung microbiome may contribute to chronic inflammation and lung complications in HIV.