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Vitamin D and Memory Decline: Two Population-Based Prospective Studies.

Elżbieta Kuźma1, Maya Soni1, Thomas J Littlejohns1,2

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Summary
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Severe vitamin D deficiency is linked to visual memory decline in older adults. However, this study found no association between vitamin D levels and verbal memory decline.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neuroscience
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Vitamin D deficiency is associated with cognitive decline and dementia.
  • The relationship between vitamin D levels and memory decline is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and memory decline in older adults.
  • To examine visual and verbal memory changes in relation to vitamin D status.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 1,291 participants in the US Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) and 915 in the Dutch Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA).
  • Assessed visual memory using the Benton Visual Retention Test (CHS) and verbal memory using Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning Test (LASA).
  • Analyzed memory changes over time in relation to serum 25(OH)D concentrations, comparing deficient individuals to those with sufficient levels.

Main Results:

  • In the CHS, severe vitamin D deficiency was associated with a significant decline in visual memory (-0.10 SD/year, p=0.02).
  • Moderate vitamin D deficiency showed a trend towards visual memory decline (-0.03 SD/year).
  • No significant association was found between vitamin D deficiency (moderate or severe) and verbal memory decline in the LASA cohort (p=0.34).

Conclusions:

  • Severe vitamin D deficiency is associated with decline in visual memory.
  • No association was observed between vitamin D deficiency and verbal memory decline.
  • Further prospective research is needed to explore vitamin D's impact on different memory subtypes.