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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...
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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

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Investigating Target Gene Function in a CD40 Agonistic Antibody-induced Colitis Model using CRISPR/Cas9-based Technologies
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Genetically defined autoinflammatory diseases.

A A de Jesus1, R Goldbach-Mansky2

  • 1Translational Autoinflammatory Diseases Section, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.

Oral Diseases
|February 3, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autoinflammatory diseases involve immune system overactivity, often starting in childhood with fevers and rashes. Research reveals cytokine

Keywords:
IL-1Type I interferonautoinflammatory diseasesimmune defectsimmunologyinflammatory diseasesrheumatology

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Autoinflammatory diseases are characterized by immune dysregulation and systemic inflammation.
  • These conditions typically manifest in early childhood with recurrent fevers, rashes, and organ-specific inflammation.
  • Understanding the genetic basis has been crucial for classifying and managing these disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a historical overview of autoinflammatory disease research.
  • To review current genetically defined autoinflammatory diseases.
  • To discuss treatment strategies based on disease pathogenesis and cytokine dysregulation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on autoinflammatory diseases.
  • Analysis of genetic findings and their correlation with clinical phenotypes.
  • Integrative assessment of innate pro-inflammatory cytokine pathways.

Main Results:

  • Identification of innate pro-inflammatory cytokine 'amplification loops' as a central mechanism.
  • Initial focus on Interleukin-1 (IL-1) pathway dysregulation.
  • Emerging understanding of other pathways including Type I IFN, IL-17, IL-18, and IL-36.

Conclusions:

  • Targeted therapies are effective for certain autoinflammatory conditions based on identified cytokine pathways.
  • Clinical features (fever patterns, rash, genetics) aid in disease classification.
  • Further research into cytokine abnormalities will refine diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.