Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Shoulder

Muscles of the Shoulder

The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...

Trait and State Self-Esteem

Trait and State Self-Esteem

The term self-esteem is often used generically, to refer to how people feel about themselves. However, according to research, there are three distinct constructs that should not be used interchangeably (Brown & Marshall, 2006).

Naturalistic Observations

Naturalistic Observations

If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...

Relationship Formation

Relationship Formation

What do you think is the single most influential factor in determining with whom you become friends and whom you form romantic relationships? You might be surprised to learn that the answer is simple: the people with whom you have the most contact. This most important factor is proximity. You are more likely to be friends with people you have regular contact with. For example, there are decades of research that shows that you are more likely to become friends with people who live in your dorm,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Morphological analysis of the scapula in healthy and osteoarthritic subjects.

Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery·2026

Same author

Correction of Static Posterior Shoulder Subluxation Through Correction of Acromial and Glenoid Deformities (SCOPE) Is Maintained at 5 Years: A Concise Follow-up of a Previous Report.

JBJS case connector·2026

Same author

Scapular Morphology and Posterior Shoulder Stability: Biomechanical Evidence From an Advanced Cadaveric Shoulder Simulator.

The American journal of sports medicine·2026

Same author

Scapular (glenoid and acromion) osteotomies for the treatment of posterior shoulder instability: technique and preliminary results.

JSES international·2026

Same author

Traumatic posterior shoulder dislocation with associated acromion fracture: a report of 2 cases.

JSES reviews, reports, and techniques·2025

Same author

Posterior Shoulder Stability Can Be Restored by Posterior Acromial Bone Grafting (Scapinelli) in a Cadaveric Biomechanical Model With Normal Glenoid Anatomy.

The American journal of sports medicine·2025

Same journal

Praxis·2026

Same journal

[What do Swiss doctors think about cardiovascular risk factors and guidelines?]

Praxis·2026

Same journal

[Laser interstitial thermotherapy (LITT): a minimally invasive neurosurgical treatment option for brain tumours and radiation necrosis].

Praxis·2026

Same journal

[Persistent back pain after lifting trauma. From the trivial to the rare case].

Praxis·2026

Same journal

[A patient with dizziness and gait instability - a diagnostic challenge].

Praxis·2026

Same journal

[Meningoencephalitis caused by listeria monocytogenes].

Praxis·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Importance of Jumping Ability in Handball Throwing Speed and Accuracy

Importance of Jumping Ability in Handball Throwing Speed and Accuracy

Published on: April 4, 2025

[The Throwing Shoulder].

Karl Wieser¹, Christian Gerber¹, Dominik C Meyer¹

¹1 Abteilung für Orthopädie, Universitätsklinik Balgrist, Zürich.

|February 4, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Overhead athletes

Keywords:

GIRD GIRD (déficit de rotation interne glénohumérale)Inneres Impingement SLAP SLAP (Superior Labrum Anterior and Posterior – lésions antéro-postérieures du labrum supérieur)Scapuladyskinesia Scapuladyskinesie Werferschulter dyskinésie scapulaire impingement (frottement) interne lesion posterior-superior internal impingement throwing shoulder épaule du lanceur de poids

More Related Videos

Rat Model of Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder

Rat Model of Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder

Published on: September 28, 2018

Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

Published on: July 5, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 26, 2026

Importance of Jumping Ability in Handball Throwing Speed and Accuracy

Importance of Jumping Ability in Handball Throwing Speed and Accuracy

Published on: April 4, 2025

Rat Model of Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder

Rat Model of Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder

Published on: September 28, 2018

Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty

Published on: July 5, 2011

Area of Science:

Sports Medicine
Orthopedic Surgery
Biomechanics

Background:

Overhead athletes subject their throwing shoulders to extreme stress during repetitive high-performance activities.
Throwing motions involve arm rotational speeds exceeding 7000°/s and joint forces over 1000 N.
These demands necessitate significant adaptations in the shoulder muscles and joint structure.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the kinematics and pathomechanics of the throwing shoulder.
To improve the understanding and treatment of specific shoulder problems in overhead athletes.
To investigate the mechanisms behind posterosuperior internal impingement and GIRD.

Main Methods:

Precise analysis of shoulder kinematics.
Detailed examination of throwing pathomechanics.
Evaluation of joint forces and rotational speeds.

Main Results:

Repetitive overhead performance leads to adaptations that can cause specific shoulder issues.
Identified two primary problems: posterosuperior internal impingement and decreased internal rotation (GIRD).
GIRD is associated with compensatory issues in scapula-stabilizing muscles.

Conclusions:

Understanding the precise kinematics and pathomechanics is crucial for addressing throwing shoulder injuries.
Specific adaptations in overhead athletes predispose them to impingement and range of motion deficits.
Further research into treatment strategies for these specific shoulder pathologies is warranted.