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Related Concept Videos

Liver Histology01:27

Liver Histology

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The microscopic anatomy of the liver is a complex and intricate system that comprises numerous structural units known as liver lobules, each of which is comparable in size to a sesame seed. These hexagonal structures consist of plates of liver cells or hepatocytes, which are characterized by their versatility and abundance of cellular apparatus like rough and smooth ER, Golgi apparatus, peroxisomes, and mitochondria.
Hepatocytes perform a variety of essential functions. They secrete...
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Hepatitis01:25

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Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
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Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Histologic Subtypes.

Nafis Shafizadeh1, Sanjay Kakar2

  • 1Department of Pathology, Woodland Hills Medical Center, 5601 De Soto Avenue, Woodland Hills, CA 91365, USA.

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Summary

This review details hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) histologic subtypes, covering their clinical and pathologic features, diagnosis, and prognosis. Understanding these variants is crucial for accurate hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis and patient management.

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatobiliary pathology
  • Oncology
  • Histopathology

Background:

  • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer.
  • Accurate histologic subtyping of HCC is essential for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
  • Several recognized and emerging HCC variants present diagnostic challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diverse histologic subtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  • To detail the clinical, pathologic, and immunohistochemical features of each subtype.
  • To discuss differential diagnosis, prognosis, and the clinical relevance of accurate HCC diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of HCC histologic subtypes.
  • Analysis of WHO-recognized and other documented variants.
  • Synthesis of information on clinical presentation, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry.

Main Results:

  • Detailed discussion of scirrhous HCC, fibrolamellar carcinoma, combined HCC-cholangiocarcinoma (HCC-CC), sarcomatoid HCC, undifferentiated carcinoma, and lymphoepithelioma-like HCC.
  • Review of additional subtypes including clear cell HCC, diffuse cirrhosis-like HCC, steatohepatitic HCC, transitional liver cell tumor, and CAP carcinoma.
  • Emphasis on the diagnostic criteria, immunohistochemical profiles, and prognostic implications for each subtype.

Conclusions:

  • Histologic heterogeneity of HCC necessitates a thorough understanding of its various subtypes.
  • Accurate identification of HCC variants impacts clinical management and patient outcomes.
  • Further research into less common HCC subtypes may refine diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.