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Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Comparison of Predictive Performance of Three Lymph Node Staging Systems in Colorectal Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma Based on Machine Learning Model
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Lung Carcinoma Staging Problems.

Philip T Cagle1

  • 1Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weil Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Pathology, The Methodist Hospital, Main Building, Room 227B, 6565 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Surgical Pathology Clinics
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system is crucial for lung cancer prognosis and treatment decisions. Higher TNM stages generally indicate a worse outlook for patients, making it a key survival predictor.

Keywords:
CarcinomaLungStagingTNM systemTumor-node-metastasis

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Medical Staging Systems

Background:

  • The tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) system is the standard for cancer staging.
  • It guides prognosis and therapy selection across various cancers, including lung cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the significance of the TNM staging system in lung cancer.
  • To explain how TNM descriptors and stage groupings correlate with patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of the TNM staging system's application in oncology.
  • Analysis of TNM descriptors (T, N, M) and stage groupings.

Main Results:

  • TNM staging directly reflects patient prognosis.
  • Higher T, N, or M values and stage groupings are associated with poorer survival.
  • TNM stage is the primary predictor of lung cancer survival.

Conclusions:

  • The TNM system is fundamental for understanding lung cancer patient outlook.
  • Accurate TNM staging is essential for effective treatment planning and survival prediction.