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Sanger Sequencing

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DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...

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In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
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Updated: Mar 26, 2026

DNA Origami-Mediated Substrate Nanopatterning of Inorganic Structures for Sensing Applications

DNA Origami-Mediated Substrate Nanopatterning of Inorganic Structures for Sensing Applications

Published on: September 27, 2019

Graphene nanodevices for DNA sequencing.

Stephanie J Heerema¹, Cees Dekker¹

¹Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628 CJ Delft, The Netherlands.

Nature Nanotechnology

|February 4, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Graphene-based nanotechnology offers innovative methods for rapid, affordable DNA sequencing, advancing personalized medicine. This review explores graphene nanopores, nanogaps, nanoribbons, and physisorption for DNA analysis.

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Area of Science:

Nanotechnology
Genomics
Materials Science

Background:

DNA sequencing is crucial for personalized medicine.
Nanotechnology, particularly nanopore sequencing, is a rapidly developing area.
Graphene's unique properties present opportunities for novel sequencing technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current and proposed graphene-based DNA sequencing techniques.
To discuss the advantages and challenges of each graphene sequencing approach.
To provide a future perspective on graphene's role in DNA sequencing.

Main Methods:

Review of theoretical proposals and experimental demonstrations of graphene sequencing.
Analysis of techniques involving DNA translocation through graphene nanopores, nanogaps, and nanoribbons.
Examination of DNA physisorption on graphene nanostructures.

Main Results:

Graphene offers diverse platforms for DNA sequencing, including nanopores, nanogaps, and nanoribbons.
Physisorption of DNA on graphene nanostructures is another explored method.
Each technique presents unique advantages and challenges for implementation.

Conclusions:

Graphene-based nanodevices show significant promise for revolutionizing DNA sequencing.
Further research and development are needed to overcome current limitations.
Graphene is poised to play a key role in the future of rapid, low-cost DNA sequencing.