A Brief Review of Infrequent Spontaneous Findings, Peculiar Anatomical Microscopic Features, and Potential Artifacts
1Cerberus, South Australia, Australia efmcinnes@aol.com.
Abstract:
Minipigs are now used in greater numbers in contract research organizations (CROs) as well as in the pharmaceutical industry. Most CROs or pharmaceutical companies use the Göttingen minipig, which displays a number of important background lesions. This review will discuss some of the more infrequent minipig background changes. Porcine stress syndrome is an autosomal recessive pharmacogenetic disorder in minipigs causing malignant hyperthermia and muscle necrosis. Possible triggers, clinical pathology as well as heart, muscle, liver, lung, and kidney histopathology are discussed. Additional spontaneous changes, background findings, and peculiar anatomical and histological features include thrombocytopenic purpura syndrome, spontaneous glomerulonephritis, osteochondritis, ellipsoids, or Schweigger-Seidel sheaths in the spleen, as well as the presence of a perimesenteric plexus adjacent to mesenteric lymph nodes, squamous epithelial metaplasia of the salivary gland, and cupping of the optic disk in the minipig eye. In order to maximize the data gained from minipig studies, the interpretation of pathology findings requires the input of experienced pathologists who understand the significance of artifacts and spontaneous, background lesions in minipigs and can distinguish these from induced lesions.
Insights
Göttingen minipigs are increasingly used in research, but understanding their spontaneous background lesions is crucial. This review details infrequent changes like porcine stress syndrome and unique anatomical features to aid accurate pathology interpretation.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Pathology
- Toxicology
- Preclinical Research
Background:
- Göttingen minipigs are widely used in contract research organizations (CROs) and the pharmaceutical industry.
- This species exhibits unique background lesions that require careful consideration during studies.
- Accurate interpretation of pathology findings necessitates understanding these spontaneous changes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review infrequent background changes observed in Göttingen minipigs.
- To provide histopathological details of conditions such as porcine stress syndrome.
- To highlight peculiar anatomical and histological features relevant to minipig research.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of spontaneous lesions in Göttingen minipigs.
- Discussion of clinical pathology and histopathology of various conditions.
- Compilation of unique anatomical and histological findings.
Main Results:
- Detailed description of porcine stress syndrome, including triggers and histopathology.
- Identification of infrequent lesions: thrombocytopenic purpura syndrome, glomerulonephritis, osteochondritis.
- Documentation of specific features: splenic ellipsoids, perimesenteric plexus, salivary gland metaplasia, optic disk cupping.
Conclusions:
- Distinguishing spontaneous minipig lesions from induced findings is critical for data integrity.
- Experienced pathologists are essential for accurate interpretation of minipig background changes.
- Understanding these lesions maximizes the value of data derived from minipig studies.
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