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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

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Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
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Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

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Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
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Retrovirus Life Cycles

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Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
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Cystic Fibrosis: Management01:24

Cystic Fibrosis: Management

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Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder that predominantly affects individuals of Northern European descent, occurring at a rate of 1 in 3500. It is caused by a genetic mutation in a gene on chromosome 7, most commonly the ΔF508 mutation, that codes for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein. This results in thicker mucus secretions and obstruction pathologies in multiple organs, including the lungs and sinuses.
Sinus disease and chronic...
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Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
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Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors01:16

Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors

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The biliary system of the liver, crucial for bile secretion and drug excretion, comprises intrahepatic bile ducts that merge to form the common hepatic duct. This duct, carrying hepatic bile, combines with the cystic duct, draining the gallbladder and forming the common bile duct, which empties into the duodenum. Bile, produced by hepatic cells lining the bile canaliculi, is composed primarily of water, bile salts, pigments, electrolytes, and lesser amounts of cholesterol and fatty acids. Bile...
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Sofosbuvir treatment and hepatitis C virus infection.

Masato Nakamura1, Tatsuo Kanda1, Yuki Haga1

  • 1Masato Nakamura, Tatsuo Kanda, Yuki Haga, Reina Sasaki, Shuang Wu, Shingo Nakamoto, Shin Yasui, Makoto Arai, Fumio Imazeki, Osamu Yokosuka, Department of Gastroenterology and Nephrology, Chiba University, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.

World Journal of Hepatology
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PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) eradication is now more effective with direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs). Sofosbuvir, a key DAA, offers high efficacy and safety, significantly improving sustained virologic response rates in patients.

Keywords:
GenotypeHepatitis C virusInterferonInterferon-freeSofosbuvir

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection poses a significant global health challenge.
  • Traditional interferon-based therapies for HCV have limitations in efficacy and tolerability.
  • The advent of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) has revolutionized HCV treatment paradigms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir therapy for Hepatitis C virus infection.
  • To highlight the role of sofosbuvir as a nucleotide-based NS5B inhibitor.
  • To discuss the advancements in interferon-free DAA regimens.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical studies and therapeutic guidelines on sofosbuvir.
  • Analysis of sofosbuvir's mechanism of action as an HCV RNA polymerase inhibitor.
  • Evaluation of treatment outcomes, including sustained virologic response (SVR) rates.

Main Results:

  • Sofosbuvir, a potent NS5B inhibitor, acts as a chain terminator to prevent HCV RNA replication.
  • Combination therapies including sofosbuvir have demonstrated significantly improved efficacy.
  • Interferon-free regimens featuring sofosbuvir achieve high rates of sustained virologic response with enhanced safety profiles.

Conclusions:

  • Sofosbuvir-based therapies represent a major advancement in Hepatitis C treatment.
  • High efficacy and favorable safety profiles make sofosbuvir a cornerstone of modern HCV eradication strategies.
  • The shift towards oral, interferon-free DAA regimens, particularly those including sofosbuvir, has transformed patient outcomes.