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Related Concept Videos

Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias01:30

Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias

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Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that range from benign to life-threatening. A thorough evaluation is crucial for appropriate management and involves a comprehensive medical history, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests.Medical HistorySymptoms: Collect detailed information on palpitations, dizziness, syncope, chest pain, and fatigue. Note their onset, frequency, and triggers.Previous Cardiac Issues: Document any history of heart...
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ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
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Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias01:28

Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias

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Tachyarrhythmias are a type of dysrhythmia where the heart rate exceeds 100 beats per minute. Here are some common types of tachyarrhythmias:Sinus TachycardiaSinus tachycardia originates from increased impulses from the sinus node, leading to an elevated heart rate. It is often triggered by stress, fever, or exercise.Patients may experience palpitations, a sensation of a racing heart, dizziness, and chest discomfort.Causes and Risk Factors: Common causes include physical exertion, emotional...
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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
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Cardiac Action Potential01:30

Cardiac Action Potential

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Cardiac action potentials are essential for proper heart function, enabling the rhythmic contractions needed for adequate blood circulation. Nodal cells and Purkinje fibers, specialized for electrical conduction, generate these action potentials.
The cardiac action potential process involves a series of phases characterized by the movement of ions across the cardiac cell membranes, leading to the depolarization and repolarization of the cardiac myocytes.
Ionic Basis of Cardiac Action Potentials
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Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Impact of Intracardiac Neurons on Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmogenesis in an Ex Vivo Langendorff System
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Ventricular repolarization measures for arrhythmic risk stratification.

Francesco Monitillo1, Marta Leone1, Caterina Rizzo1

  • 1Francesco Monitillo, Marta Leone, Caterina Rizzo, Massimo Iacoviello, Cardiology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy.

World Journal of Cardiology
|February 4, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Ventricular repolarization, measured by the QT interval, is vital for heart health. Analyzing its static and dynamic changes aids in predicting arrhythmia risk and improving patient care.

Keywords:
ArrhythmiasCardiovascular diseasesDrugsQT intervalVentricular repolarization

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Electrophysiology
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Ventricular repolarization is a critical phase of cardiac electrical activity.
  • The QT interval on an electrocardiogram reflects ventricular repolarization.
  • Factors influencing repolarization can trigger malignant arrhythmias.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review traditional and dynamic methods for analyzing ventricular repolarization.
  • To assess the prognostic significance of repolarization analysis.
  • To explore clinical applications of repolarization evaluation.

Main Methods:

  • Critical revision of static ventricular repolarization analysis.
  • Evaluation of dynamic repolarization assessment techniques.
  • Review of studies on prognostic value and clinical utility.

Main Results:

  • Static analysis provides baseline repolarization data.
  • Dynamic analysis captures beat-to-beat variability and responses to stimuli.
  • Both approaches offer insights into arrhythmia risk.

Conclusions:

  • Ventricular repolarization analysis is a valuable tool for risk stratification.
  • Understanding static and dynamic repolarization is key for clinical practice.
  • Further integration of these analyses can enhance patient outcomes.