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Related Concept Videos

The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

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An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication...
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Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

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DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
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Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

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Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
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DNA Replication02:40

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DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied.  After replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or “old” strand and one “new” strand. This is known as semiconservative replication. The resulting DNA molecules have the same sequence and are divided equally into the two daughter cells.
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Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Quantifying Replication Stress in Ovarian Cancer Cells Using Single-Stranded DNA Immunofluorescence
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Quantifying Replication Stress in Ovarian Cancer Cells Using Single-Stranded DNA Immunofluorescence

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Replication stress: getting back on track.

Matteo Berti, Alessandro Vindigni

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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    The replication-stress response helps DNA replication overcome obstacles, ensuring genetic stability. This review explores its mechanisms and impact on DNA replication dynamics in mammalian cells.

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    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Genetics
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • The replication-stress response is crucial for maintaining genomic integrity during DNA replication.
    • Multiple pathways have been identified, prompting investigation into their specific and potentially overlapping roles.
    • Understanding these pathways is vital for comprehending how cells handle DNA damage and replication fork stalling.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review emerging mechanisms of the replication-stress response in mammalian cells.
    • To explore the specific and redundant functions of various replication stress–response pathways.
    • To consider how these pathways influence the dynamics of the core DNA replication complex.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of recent studies on replication stress response.
    • Analysis of identified replication stress–response pathways in mammalian systems.
    • Synthesis of information on the interplay between stress response and DNA replication machinery.

    Main Results:

    • Multiple replication stress–response pathways exist with potentially distinct functions.
    • These pathways are essential for overcoming DNA lesions and replication fork obstacles.
    • The response mechanisms can influence the dynamics of the core DNA replication complex.

    Conclusions:

    • The replication-stress response is a complex network essential for faithful DNA transmission.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate the specific roles and interactions of different pathways.
    • Understanding these mechanisms is key to addressing genomic instability and related diseases.