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Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids01:28

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Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...
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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...
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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and have instructions for its functioning. The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).
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Kinetic Screening of Nuclease Activity using Nucleic Acid Probes
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Quadruplex Nucleic Acids as Novel Therapeutic Targets.

Stephen Neidle1

  • 1UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London , 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K.

Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
|February 4, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Quadruplexes are DNA structures found in genomes. Stabilizing these structures with small molecules can inhibit cancer cell growth, offering potential therapeutic strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Chemical Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Quadruplex-forming sequences are prevalent in human and bacterial genomes, particularly in eukaryotic telomeres, promoters, and 5' untranslated regions.
  • These sequences can form stable quadruplex structures, which are normally resolved by helicases but accumulate in cancer cells with mutated helicases.
  • Accumulated quadruplexes impede essential cellular processes like transcription, translation, and replication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To survey the chemical biology of quadruplexes.
  • To critically examine small molecules that bind to quadruplexes.
  • To discuss approaches for discovering selective quadruplex-binding agents and their therapeutic potential.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of quadruplex-binding small molecules.

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  • Analysis of chemical biology approaches for quadruplex targeting.
  • Discussion of selectivity challenges and therapeutic applications.

    • Main Results:

    • Quadruplex structures can be stabilized by small molecules, leading to cell proliferation inhibition.
    • Various classes of quadruplex-binding small molecules have been developed.
    • Significant challenges exist in achieving small-molecule selectivity for specific quadruplex targets.

    Conclusions:

    • Small molecules stabilizing quadruplexes show promise as anti-cancer therapeutics by inhibiting cell growth.
    • Further research is needed to develop selective agents for clinical applications.
    • Targeting quadruplexes represents a potential strategy for cancer therapy.