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Spatial prioritisation for conserving ecosystem services: comparing hotspots with heuristic optimisation.

Matthias Schröter1, Roy P Remme2

  • 1Environmental Systems Analysis Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands ; Department of Ecosystem Services, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany ; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.

Landscape Ecology
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Summary

Identifying ecosystem service hotspots is crucial for conservation planning. Different methods yield varied spatial configurations, impacting conservation decisions and the analysis of co-occurring services and biodiversity.

Keywords:
Hot spotMappingModellingOverlap

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Conservation Science
  • Spatial Planning

Background:

  • Ecosystem services exhibit significant spatial variation, necessitating precise methods for identifying conservation priority areas.
  • The term 'ecosystem service hotspot' lacks a standardized definition, leading to ambiguity in conservation planning.
  • Accurate spatial delineation of ecosystem services is vital for effective conservation strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and classify methods for spatially delineating ecosystem service hotspots.
  • To assess how different hotspot delineation methods affect the spatial configuration of multiple ecosystem services.
  • To compare hotspot method outcomes with a heuristic site prioritization approach (Marxan).

Main Methods:

  • Four hotspot delineation methods were evaluated: top richest cells, spatial clustering, intensity, and richness.
  • A conservation scenario was applied to Telemark county, Norway, targeting 10% of five regulating and cultural services.
  • Outcomes were compared based on spatial configuration, target achievement, cost-effectiveness, and compactness.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in spatial configuration were observed between the four hotspot methods and Marxan.
  • Pairwise comparisons using the Kappa statistic indicated low agreement (0.11-0.27) between methods.
  • Methods varied considerably in target achievement, land area required per unit target, and compactness.

Conclusions:

  • Ecosystem service hotspots can represent areas of high single-service value or multiple-service concentration.
  • Discrepancies in spatial configuration among hotspot methods introduce uncertainty into conservation decision-making.
  • These differences have implications for analyzing the spatial overlap of multiple ecosystem service hotspots and biodiversity.