Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems01:21

Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems

126
Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...
126
Dosage Regimen: Multiple Oral Dosage01:25

Dosage Regimen: Multiple Oral Dosage

344
Understanding how a drug's concentration fluctuates within the body over time is crucial in pharmacokinetics, particularly with multiple oral doses. A graphical representation of multiple oral dosages provides insight into these dynamics. Typical accumulation curves of a drug's concentration in the body reveal a sawtooth pattern, indicating periodic peaks and troughs correlating with each dose administration and the drug's subsequent elimination.The plasma concentration at any time during an...
344

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Response to Letter to the Editor From Arroyo et al: "Timing of Puberty, Pubertal Growth, and Adult Height in Short Children Born Small for Gestational Age Treated With Growth Hormone".

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism·2023
Same author

The UPTAKE study: a cross-sectional survey examining the insights and beliefs of the UK population on COVID-19 vaccine uptake and hesitancy.

BMJ open·2021
Same author

The UPTAKE study: implications for the future of COVID-19 vaccination trial recruitment in UK and beyond.

Trials·2021
Same author

Clinical characteristics and treatment requirements of children with autosomal recessive pseudohypoaldosteronism.

European journal of endocrinology·2021
Same author

Causes, patterns and severity of androgen excess in 487 consecutively recruited pre- and post-pubertal children.

European journal of endocrinology·2018
Same author

CYP3A4 mutation causes vitamin D-dependent rickets type 3.

The Journal of clinical investigation·2018
Same journal

Combination therapy of pasireotide and pegvisomant for aggressive acromegaly with an immature PIT1-lineage PitNET.

Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports·2026
Same journal

Multivessel spontaneous coronary artery dissection in a young woman using cabergoline.

Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports·2026
Same journal

Differential reversibility of anterior and posterior pituitary dysfunction in delayed recurrent pediatric Rathke's cleft cyst.

Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports·2026
Same journal

Longitudinal evaluation of recurrent thyrotoxicosis in a single patient across four pregnancies: a case report and literature review.

Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports·2026
Same journal

Experiences with the use of asfotase alfa in three patients with childhood-onset hypophosphatasia.

Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports·2026
Same journal

Reactivation after total thyroidectomy? A thyroid eye disease case that challenges established clinical paradigms.

Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism case reports·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Ovariectomy and 17β-estradiol Replacement in Rats and Mice: A Visual Demonstration
06:51

Ovariectomy and 17β-estradiol Replacement in Rats and Mice: A Visual Demonstration

Published on: June 7, 2012

60.1K

Estradiol: micrograms or milligrams.

Jeremy M W Kirk1, Nalin Wickramasuriya1, Nicholas J Shaw1

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, Birmingham Children's Hospital , Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, B4 6NH , UK.

Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism Case Reports
|February 5, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Accidental milligram estrogen doses in peripubertal girls caused vaginal bleeding and reduced final height. This highlights the critical need for careful estrogen formulation and dosage management in pediatric hormone replacement therapy.

More Related Videos

Profiling of Estrogen-regulated MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer Cells
16:24

Profiling of Estrogen-regulated MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer Cells

Published on: February 21, 2014

20.8K
Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies
06:24

Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies

Published on: January 10, 2025

1.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Ovariectomy and 17β-estradiol Replacement in Rats and Mice: A Visual Demonstration
06:51

Ovariectomy and 17β-estradiol Replacement in Rats and Mice: A Visual Demonstration

Published on: June 7, 2012

60.1K
Profiling of Estrogen-regulated MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer Cells
16:24

Profiling of Estrogen-regulated MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer Cells

Published on: February 21, 2014

20.8K
Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies
06:24

Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies

Published on: January 10, 2025

1.7K

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Clinical Pharmacology

Background:

  • Estrogen therapy is crucial for pubertal induction in girls with hypogonadism.
  • Oral ethinyl estradiol is commonly used in the UK for hormone replacement therapy.
  • Estrogen preparations exist in both milligram and microgram formulations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report on five peripubertal girls who received unintended milligram doses of estradiol (E2).
  • To analyze the clinical outcomes, including final height, of these patients.
  • To emphasize the importance of accurate estrogen dosing.

Main Methods:

  • Case series presentation of five peripubertal girls with hypogonadism.
  • Review of medication errors involving milligram vs. microgram estrogen formulations.
  • Analysis of clinical data including pubertal development and final height outcomes.

Main Results:

  • All five girls experienced vaginal bleeding while on milligram estrogen doses.
  • Four out of five girls achieved final heights below the 2nd centile, and one below the 9th centile.
  • Height predictions were not met in two girls who received estrogen overdose.

Conclusions:

  • Accidental administration of milligram estrogen doses instead of microgram doses can lead to adverse outcomes.
  • Short final height and vaginal bleeding were observed in girls receiving excessive estrogen doses.
  • Clinicians must be vigilant to prevent medication errors with estrogen formulations and dosages.