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Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development
Published on: October 30, 2013
Francesco Massari1, Chiara Ciccarese, Nuno Vau
1Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, University of Verona, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37124 Verona, Italy. fmassari79@gmail.com.
Systemic bladder cancer treatment options are limited, with chemotherapy showing modest results and targeted therapies proving ineffective. Immunotherapy, particularly PD1/PD-L1 pathway inhibition, offers a promising new direction for future treatments.
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