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Considerations in biomarker development for neurodevelopmental disorders.

James C McPartland1

  • 1Yale Child Study Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.

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Summary

Developing objective biomarkers for neurodevelopmental disorders is crucial for accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment. These biomarkers must be reliable, individual-level, and methodologically objective to advance clinical practice.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Biomarker Research

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) diagnosis and treatment currently rely on subjective behavioral assessments.
  • Significant advancements in understanding the biological underpinnings of NDDs have not yet translated into widely adopted objective diagnostic tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the challenges hindering biomarker development for neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • To emphasize the need for objective quantification of biological processes in NDDs.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article, synthesizing existing literature on biomarker development in neurodevelopmental disorders.
  • The review focuses on the criteria and challenges for creating effective biomarkers.

Main Results:

  • Objective quantification of biological processes is essential for subgroup identification, risk assessment, and monitoring treatment response in NDDs.
  • Current methods for assessing change in NDDs are often slow and subjective, highlighting the need for faster, objective measures.

Conclusions:

  • Effective biomarkers for NDDs must demonstrate developmental reliability, individual-level validity, and specificity to diagnostic status or functional processes.
  • The practical utility of NDD biomarkers will depend on their ease of use, cost-effectiveness, scalability, sensitivity, and methodological objectivity.