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Related Concept Videos

Surface Membrane Barriers01:18

Surface Membrane Barriers

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The skin and mucous membranes serve as the primary line of defense against pathogens by providing both physical and chemical protection. These barriers are essential in preventing the entry and establishment of microbes, thereby maintaining the integrity of the host.
The outer layer of the skin, the epidermis, is a robust barrier comprising layers of closely packed keratinized cells. This dense arrangement prevents microbes from penetrating the body. The periodic shedding of epidermal cells...
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The Skin Microbiota01:27

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The human skin serves as a complex ecosystem inhabited by a diverse community of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining skin health and defending against pathogenic invaders. The composition of microbial communities varies significantly across different regions of the body, influenced primarily by the local levels of moisture and sebum.Regional Variation in Skin MicrobiotaCutibacterium acnes predominantly colonizes sebaceous...
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Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal floras of the human body refer to the microbial population that colonizes the skin and mucous membranes.
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Cytoskeletal Linker Proteins - Plakins01:09

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Plakins are large proteins with binding domains for microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and membrane-associated protein complexes at cell junctions. Plakin functions are evolutionarily conserved and are primarily involved in organizing the different components of the cytoskeleton by crosslinking them to each other and connecting them to the cell-matrix and cell adhesion complexes. They are also known to interact with signal transducers, serve as scaffolds for signaling...
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The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
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Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures such as bones, cartilage, hair, and muscles. This group includes proteins such as collagen, actin, myosin, and keratin.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Isolation and Culture of Primary Mouse Keratinocytes from Neonatal and Adult Mouse Skin
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Filaggrin and Skin Barrier Function.

Sanja Kezic, Ivone Jakasa

    Current Problems in Dermatology
    |February 5, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    Filaggrin (FLG) protein is crucial for skin barrier integrity and hydration. FLG mutations are a major risk factor for atopic dermatitis, but the exact mechanisms of FLG deficiency in barrier dysfunction require further research.

    Area of Science:

    • Dermatology
    • Biochemistry
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • The skin barrier's integrity relies on the stratum corneum (SC), composed of corneocytes and a lipid matrix.
    • Filaggrin (FLG) protein aggregates keratin and forms the cornified cell envelope, crucial for SC structure and mechanical stability.
    • FLG degradation products maintain skin hydration and acidic pH, essential for epidermal homeostasis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To summarize current knowledge on the role of filaggrin (FLG) in skin barrier function.
    • To explore the mechanisms by which FLG deficiency impacts skin barrier integrity.
    • To review findings from clinical, animal, and in vitro models of FLG deficiency.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of existing clinical studies.
    • Analysis of data from animal models of FLG deficiency.

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  • Evaluation of in vitro models simulating FLG deficiency.

    • Main Results:

    • Loss-of-function mutations in FLG are the primary genetic risk factor for atopic dermatitis (AD).
    • FLG deficiency can lead to increased water loss and enhanced absorption of external chemicals.
    • The precise mechanisms linking FLG deficiency to reduced skin barrier function remain incompletely understood.

    Conclusions:

    • Filaggrin (FLG) plays a vital role in maintaining skin barrier function, hydration, and pH.
    • FLG mutations significantly increase the risk of atopic dermatitis (AD) and impaired skin barrier.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate the exact pathways through which FLG deficiency compromises skin barrier function.