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Related Concept Videos

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The most basic experimental design involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The two groups are designed to be the same except for one difference— experimental manipulation. The experimental group gets the experimental manipulation—that is, the treatment or variable being tested—and the control group does not. Since experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, we can be sure that any differences between...
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The way a set of data is measured is called its level of measurement. Correct statistical procedures depend on a researcher being familiar with levels of measurement. Not every statistical operation can be used with every set of data. For analysis, data are classified into four levels of measurement—nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio.
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Unlike parametric methods, nonparametric statistics are ideal for nominal and ordinal data, requiring fewer assumptions about the population's nature or distribution. This makes nonparametric methods easier to apply and interpret, as they do not depend on parameters like mean or standard deviation. One common approach in nonparametric analysis is to sort data according to a specific criterion. For instance, we might arrange weather data from hottest to coldest days in a month or rank cities...
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The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
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How to use the nominal group and Delphi techniques.

Sara S McMillan1, Michelle King1, Mary P Tully2,3

  • 1School of Pharmacy, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.

International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
|February 6, 2016
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Summary

The Nominal Group Technique (NGT) and Delphi Technique are consensus methods valuable for pharmacy research. This paper details their application, steps, and suitability for different research questions.

Keywords:
Consensus methodsDelphi techniqueNominal group technique

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacy Practice Research
  • Health Services Research
  • Methodology

Background:

  • Consensus methods like Nominal Group Technique (NGT) and Delphi Technique are underutilized in pharmacy practice research.
  • These techniques are crucial for problem-solving, idea generation, and priority setting in research.
  • Understanding their application can enhance the rigor and scope of pharmacy research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the Nominal Group Technique (NGT) and Delphi Technique.
  • To detail the steps involved in each consensus method.
  • To identify research questions best suited for NGT and Delphi Technique, with pharmacy examples.

Main Methods:

  • Nominal Group Technique (NGT): Involves face-to-face group discussion with four stages: silent generation, round robin, clarification, and voting.
  • Delphi Technique: Utilizes a multistage self-completed questionnaire with individual feedback for expert consensus, often via mail or email.
  • Comparison of NGT and Delphi based on research question, required consensus, time, and geographical considerations.

Main Results:

  • NGT is effective for exploring stakeholder views and yields prompt results.
  • Delphi Technique is commonly used for developing guidelines with health professionals.
  • Method selection depends on research objectives, consensus needs, and practical constraints.

Conclusions:

  • Both NGT and Delphi Technique offer distinct advantages for pharmacy research.
  • NGT's limitations include the need for physical attendance, while Delphi can be time-consuming and complex for non-experts.
  • Informed method choice is essential for successful consensus-building in pharmacy practice research.