Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Time-Domain Interpretation of PD Control01:07

Time-Domain Interpretation of PD Control

437
Proportional-Derivative (PD) control is a widely used control method in various engineering systems to enhance stability and performance. In a system with only proportional control, common issues include high maximum overshoot and oscillation, observed in both the error signal and its rate of change. This behavior can be divided into three distinct phases: initial overshoot, subsequent undershoot, and gradual stabilization.
Consider the example of control of motor torque. Initially, a positive...
437
PD Controller: Design01:26

PD Controller: Design

704
In automotive engineering, car suspension systems often employ Proportional Derivative (PD) controllers to enhance performance. PD controllers are utilized to adjust the damping force in response to road conditions. A controller, acting as an amplifier with a constant gain, demonstrates proportional control, with output directly mirroring input.
Designing a continuous-data controller requires selecting and linking components like adders and integrators, which are fundamental in Proportional,...
704
Frequency-Domain Interpretation of PD Control01:24

Frequency-Domain Interpretation of PD Control

414
Proportional-Derivative (PD) controllers are widely used in fan control systems to improve stability and performance. A fan control system can be effectively represented using a Bode plot to illustrate the impact of a PD controller through its transfer function. The Bode plot visually conveys how PD control modifies the fan's response across various frequencies, providing a frequency domain interpretation of the controller's behavior.
The proportional control gain, combined with the...
414
Transformers with Off-Nominal Turns Ratios01:25

Transformers with Off-Nominal Turns Ratios

668
In scenarios involving parallel transformers with disparate ratings, developing per-unit models requires accommodating off-nominal turns ratios. This situation arises when the selected base voltages are not proportional to the transformer’s voltage ratings. Consider a transformer where the rated voltages are related by the term a. If the chosen voltage bases satisfy a relationship involving term b, term c is defined as the ratio of these bases. This ratio is then substituted into the...
668
PI Controller: Design01:24

PI Controller: Design

1.5K
Proportional Integral (PI) controllers are a fundamental component in modern control systems, widely used to enhance performance and mitigate steady-state errors. They are particularly effective in applications such as automatic brightness adjustment on smartphones, where they excel at mitigating steady-state errors for step-function inputs. Unlike PD controllers, which require time-varying errors to function optimally, PI controllers leverage their integral component to address residual...
1.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Nuclear cell-free DNA on the loose: an early warning signal of ischemia-reperfusion injury in kidney transplantation.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same author

Early Postreperfusion Proteomics Reveal Divergent Inflammatory Responses in Kidney Transplantation With Implications on Outcomes.

Transplantation·2025
Same author

Comparing Computational Peritoneal Dialysis Models in Pigs and Patients.

Toxins·2025
Same author

[Acute kidney injury - prevention and treatment].

Lakartidningen·2025
Same author

Bimodal solutions in peritoneal dialysis: what can we expect from different glucose volumes added to the icodextrin bag? Data from a simulation procedure.

Journal of nephrology·2025
Same author

Computational modeling of peritoneal dialysis: An overview.

Mathematical biosciences and engineering : MBE·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 26, 2026

A Two-interval Forced-choice Task for Multisensory Comparisons
07:13

A Two-interval Forced-choice Task for Multisensory Comparisons

Published on: November 9, 2018

11.6K

Is Adapted APD Theoretically More Efficient than Conventional APD?

Carl M Öberg1, Bengt Rippe2

  • 1Department of Nephrology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.

Peritoneal Dialysis International : Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis
|February 6, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adapted automated peritoneal dialysis (aAPD) showed minor improvements in solute clearance and sodium removal compared to conventional APD (cAPD) in simulations. Further research is needed for accurate sodium balance measurements in aAPD.

Keywords:
Peritoneal dialysisadapted APDcapillary permeabilitylymph flowperitoneal ultrafiltrationpermeability surface area productreflection coefficient

More Related Videos

A Modeling and Simulation Method for Preliminary Design of an Electro-Variable Displacement Pump
09:04

A Modeling and Simulation Method for Preliminary Design of an Electro-Variable Displacement Pump

Published on: June 1, 2022

3.7K
A Tactile Automated Passive-Finger Stimulator TAPS
19:44

A Tactile Automated Passive-Finger Stimulator TAPS

Published on: June 3, 2009

14.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 26, 2026

A Two-interval Forced-choice Task for Multisensory Comparisons
07:13

A Two-interval Forced-choice Task for Multisensory Comparisons

Published on: November 9, 2018

11.6K
A Modeling and Simulation Method for Preliminary Design of an Electro-Variable Displacement Pump
09:04

A Modeling and Simulation Method for Preliminary Design of an Electro-Variable Displacement Pump

Published on: June 1, 2022

3.7K
A Tactile Automated Passive-Finger Stimulator TAPS
19:44

A Tactile Automated Passive-Finger Stimulator TAPS

Published on: June 3, 2009

14.3K

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Computational Modeling

Background:

  • Automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) is a common renal replacement therapy.
  • A modified APD (aAPD) with variable dwell times and fill volumes was developed.
  • Previous studies suggested aAPD improves solute clearance and sodium removal.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To theoretically evaluate the performance of aAPD versus conventional APD (cAPD).
  • To simulate small solute clearances, ultrafiltration (UF), and sodium removal (NaR) using the 3-pore model (TPM).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a modified 3-pore model (TPM) incorporating transient increases in mass transfer area coefficients.
  • Simulated osmotic ultrafiltration (UF) with adjusted solute-specific permeability (PS) values for glucose and sodium.
  • Modeled variable peritoneal surface area and assumed intraperitoneal pressure changes do not affect Starling balance.

Main Results:

  • Simulations indicated a minor improvement in small solute clearances (0.7-1.6%) with aAPD.
  • A very small improvement in ultrafiltration (UF) and sodium removal (NaR) was observed for aAPD compared to cAPD.
  • Increased fill volumes in aAPD were the primary driver for observed changes.

Conclusions:

  • Adapted APD (aAPD) demonstrated marginal benefits in solute clearance, UF, and NaR over cAPD in simulations.
  • The study highlights the need for precise sodium measurements in aAPD due to potential methodological challenges.
  • Computational modeling provides insights into APD variations and informs clinical practice.