Gene targeting, genome editing: from Dolly to editors

Area of Science:

• Agricultural Science
• Genetics
• Biotechnology

Background:

• Genetic engineering in livestock has evolved from random transgene insertion to targeted gene modification.
• Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) enabled homologous recombination for gene targeting in livestock.
• Recent advancements in genome editing offer precise base editing without foreign DNA integration.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the transformative impact of genome editing technologies on livestock genetic engineering.
• To showcase the expanding diversity of applications enabled by precise genome modification.
• To underscore the readiness of the livestock biotechnology field for widespread application.

Main Methods:

• Utilizing advanced genome editing tools, often referred to as 'molecular scissors'.
• Implementing precise base editing for targeted genomic alterations.
• Applying these technologies across various livestock species including pigs, cattle, sheep, and goats.

Main Results:

• Over 300 distinct edited lines of pigs, cattle, sheep, and goats produced within five years.
• Demonstrated ability to modify specific DNA bases with high precision.
• Facilitated a significant increase in the diversity of potential applications for genetically engineered livestock.

Conclusions:

• Genome editing represents a significant technological leap in livestock genetic engineering.
• The field is poised for widespread adoption and application to address societal needs.
• The future of livestock biotechnology is exceptionally promising with these new tools.