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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Extinction Training During the Reconsolidation Window Prevents Recovery of Fear

Extinction Training During the Reconsolidation Window Prevents Recovery of Fear

Published on: August 24, 2012

Optimising Extinction of Conditioned Disgust.

Renske C Bosman¹, Charmaine Borg¹, Peter J de Jong¹

¹Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.

|February 6, 2016

Summary

Providing direct contact with feared foods significantly improves exposure therapy for maladaptive disgust responses. This enhanced safety information helps overcome resistance to extinction, reducing disgust and increasing willingness to eat.

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Area of Science:

Psychology
Clinical Psychology
Behavioral Science

Background:

Maladaptive disgust responses are highly resistant to standard exposure-based interventions.
Conditioned disgust shows limited extinction with Conditioned Stimulus (CS)-only procedures, likely due to its adaptive role in pathogen avoidance.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if providing additional safety information enhances the efficacy of CS-only exposure for reducing disgust.
To determine if direct contact or observing others interact with a CS+ improves extinction.

Main Methods:

Participants were conditioned to associate neutral food items (pea soup, sausage roll) with a disgust-eliciting Unconditioned Stimulus (US) (vomiting video).
Exposure therapy involved CS-only extinction, with safety information provided through direct contact with the CS+ or by observing an actress eating the CS+.
Willingness-to-eat and self-reported disgust were measured post-extinction and at a one-week follow-up.

Main Results:

Direct contact with the CS+ significantly increased participants' willingness to eat the food post-extinction.
This beneficial effect persisted at the one-week follow-up.
Self-reported disgust levels were also lower at follow-up when direct contact safety information was provided.

Conclusions:

Direct physical contact with a feared item provides crucial safety information that enhances extinction of conditioned disgust.
These findings explain the resistance of disgust to simple extinction and offer strategies to improve interventions for disgust-related psychopathology.