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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Synthetic Spin-Orbit Coupling in an Optical Lattice Clock.

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Area of Science:

  • Atomic physics
  • Quantum many-body systems
  • Quantum optics

Background:

  • Spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is crucial for understanding interacting many-body systems.
  • Optical lattice clocks offer precise control over atomic states and interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and demonstrate a method for studying SOC in fermionic alkaline-earth atoms using optical lattice clocks.
  • To utilize clock interrogation protocols for momentum-resolved band tomography and analysis of SOC-induced collisions.

Main Methods:

  • Employing optical lattice clocks with fermionic alkaline-earth atoms.
  • Utilizing Rabi and Ramsey spectroscopy with sub-Hertz laser resolution.
  • Implementing a second counterpropagating clock beam for controlled atomic transport.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated momentum-resolved band tomography to probe SOC.
  • Identified SOC-induced s-wave collisions in nuclear-spin-polarized fermions.
  • Proposed a method for engineering atomic transport modified by p- and s-wave interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Optical lattice clocks provide a powerful platform for investigating SOC in quantum systems.
  • Spectroscopic probes offer clean, well-resolved signatures of SOC and interactions at current temperatures.