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Related Concept Videos

Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

Biological Effects of Radiation

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All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
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Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
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The most common cardiovascular diagnostic test is an X-ray. It produces images of the heart, blood vessels, and adjacent structures.
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German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Voluntary Breath-hold Technique for Reducing Heart Dose in Left Breast Radiotherapy
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Ionizing radiation and heart risks.

Souparno Bhattacharya1, Aroumougame Asaithamby1

  • 1Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, United States.

Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology
|February 7, 2016
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Summary

Radiation therapy survivors face increased risks of cardiovascular disease. Understanding radiation-induced cardiotoxicity mechanisms is crucial for developing strategies to mitigate heart damage in cancer patients.

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Cardiomyocyte renewalDNA damageHeart diseaseIonizing radiationReactive oxygen speciesSpace radiation

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Oncology
  • Radiation Oncology

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease and cancer are leading global causes of death.
  • Advancements in radiation therapy (RT) increase cancer survivor numbers, raising concerns about radiation-induced cardiovascular disease (RICD).
  • Both therapeutic and accidental/occupational radiation exposure can lead to cardiovascular complications, often manifesting years later.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how different radiation types and doses induce cardiovascular complications.
  • To highlight clinical manifestations and pathophysiological mechanisms of radiation-induced cardiotoxicity.
  • To discuss how research on heart development and homeostasis can reduce RICD incidence.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on clinical data and cellular mechanisms.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data on radiation exposure and cardiovascular outcomes.
  • Synthesis of current research on radiation effects on the cardiovascular system.

Main Results:

  • Radiation exposure, from therapeutic RT to low-dose accidental exposure, poses a significant risk for cardiovascular disease.
  • Radiation-induced cardiotoxicity is multifaceted, with pathologies developing over extended periods.
  • Existing research has primarily focused on clinical symptoms rather than underlying cellular processes.

Conclusions:

  • A deeper understanding of cellular mechanisms is needed to effectively manage and prevent RICD.
  • Future research into cardiac homeostasis and development holds promise for reducing RICD.
  • Proactive strategies informed by mechanistic insights are essential for improving long-term outcomes for cancer survivors.