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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

34
Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
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Overview
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Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

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Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the...
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Immunogenicity difference between two hepatitis E vaccines derived from genotype 1 and 4.

Jiyue Wen1, Nouredine Behloul1, Xing Dai2

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.

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Hepatitis E vaccines p239 and p179 show distinct immunogenicity due to genotype-specific epitopes. This difference impacts antibody responses and neutralization, highlighting the need for genotype-specific vaccine development for Hepatitis E virus (HEV).

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Hepatitis E virus (HEV) poses a global health challenge, with multiple genotypes circulating.
  • Existing vaccines, like p239 (genotype 1) and p179 (genotype 4), may elicit differential immune responses.
  • Understanding genotype-specific epitopes is crucial for effective HEV vaccine design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the immunogenicity differences between HEV vaccines p239 and p179.
  • To identify the presence of genotype-specific neutralizing epitopes in HEV.
  • To assess the cross-reactivity and neutralization capabilities of vaccine-induced antibodies.

Main Methods:

  • ELISA and Western blotting were used to detect anti-HEV IgGs in vaccinated mice, humans, and challenged rhesus monkeys.
  • Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against HEV genotype 1 and 4 ORF2 proteins were generated.
  • In vitro PCR-based neutralization assays were performed to evaluate mAb activity.

Main Results:

  • Vaccine p239 induced IgGs with stronger reactivity against genotype 1 and 2 HEV proteins, while p179 induced IgGs reactive against genotype 3 and 4 HEV proteins.
  • Similar genotype-specific reactivity patterns were observed in sera from challenged rhesus monkeys.
  • Two common neutralizing mAbs (3G1, 5G5) and two genotype-specific neutralizing mAbs (2B1 for genotypes 1-2, 4C5 for genotypes 3-4) were identified.

Conclusions:

  • Significant immunogenicity differences exist between HEV vaccines p239 and p179.
  • These differences are attributable to the presence of HEV genotype-specific neutralizing epitopes.
  • The findings support the development of HEV vaccines tailored to specific genotypes for improved efficacy.