Skin Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Spain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Area of Science:

• Dermatology
• Oncology
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Skin cancer incidence, including basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), melanoma (MEL), and Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), varies globally.
• Accurate incidence data is crucial for public health planning and resource allocation in Spain.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and report the incidence and mortality rates of BCC, SCC, MEL, and MCC in Spain.
• To compare Spanish incidence rates with those in other European countries.

Main Methods:

• A systematic literature search was conducted using MEDLINE and Embase databases.
• Data were supplemented by information from the Spanish Network of Cancer Registries (REDECAN) and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC).
• Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model due to data heterogeneity, with methodological quality and statistical heterogeneity (I² index) assessed.

Main Results:

• Thirty-two studies were included. Incidence rates per 100,000 person-years were: BCC 113.05 (standard registry) vs. 253.23 (clinical/histologic criteria); SCC 38.16; melanoma 8.76; MCC 0.28.
• The incidence of BCC and SCC may be underestimated by standard cancer registry methodologies.
• Incidence rates for cutaneous melanoma and Merkel cell carcinoma in Spain are lower than in other European countries.

Conclusions:

• Standard cancer registry methods in Spain likely underestimate the true incidence of basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma.
• Spain exhibits lower incidence rates for cutaneous melanoma and Merkel cell carcinoma relative to other European nations.
• These findings highlight the need for refined data collection methodologies for skin cancers in Spain.