Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

23.3K
Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
23.3K
Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

30.0K
Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
30.0K
Cooperative Allosteric Transitions01:58

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions

8.8K
Cooperative allosteric transitions can occur in multimeric proteins, where each subunit of the protein has its own ligand-binding site. When a ligand binds to any of these subunits, it triggers a conformational change that affects the binding sites in the other subunits; this can change the affinity of the other sites for their respective ligands. The ability of the protein to change the shape of its binding site is attributed to the presence of a mix of flexible and stable segments in the...
8.8K
Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

21.5K
The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
21.5K
Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition02:33

Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

20.3K
Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
20.3K
Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing

15.2K
Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
15.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Pd-Catalyzed Facile and Selective B-H Carbonylation Leading to Boron Cluster Carboxylic Acids for Diverse Transformations.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Highly Stereoselective Addition of β-Borylenamides to Aldehydes Enabled by Late‑Stage Ligand Modification.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Modulation of the excitation/inhibition balance by astrocytes in a tripartite synapse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Neural regeneration research·2026
Same author

Sensory Lexicon Development and Quantitative Descriptive Analysis of Chinese Baked Rolls.

Journal of food science·2026
Same author

Nurse-led aerobic pulmonary rehabilitation: a comprehensive evaluation of physiological indicators, exercise tolerance, and quality of life in patients with moderate to severe COPD.

Frontiers in medicine·2026
Same author

Prospects of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy in Myelofibrosis: From Immunopathogenesis to Therapeutic Strategies.

Cancers·2026
Same journal

Carbonylative Aminative Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling: Pd-Catalyzed Synthesis of Amides from Vinyl/Aryl Halides and Boronic Acids.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same journal

Divergent Asymmetric Synthesis of Glutinosasins A-E.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same journal

Ultrastrong Polyketone Hot-Melt Adhesives Enabled by Ni-Catalyzed Carbonylative Polymerization.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same journal

Programmable Anomalous Photovoltaics Enabled by Light-Electric Dual-Field Control.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same journal

Biomimetic Redox-Mediated Proton Relay in Nanoreactors for Photocatalysis.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same journal

The Sulfur Monoxide-Water Complex.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Phase Transitions and Effect of Intermolecular Forces
02:31

Phase Transitions and Effect of Intermolecular Forces

23.3K

A Practical Solution to Stereodefined Tetrasubstituted Olefins.

Jianxin Dai1, Minyan Wang1, Guobi Chai1

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|February 9, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new method for creating stereodefined tetrasubstituted olefins using organozinc reagents and 2,3-allenals. This approach offers rapid access to versatile aldehyde-functionalized olefins with controlled geometry.

More Related Videos

Transition Metals: Electron Configurations and Properties
02:58

Transition Metals: Electron Configurations and Properties

30.0K
Cooperative Allosteric Transitions: Concerted & Sequential Model
01:58

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions: Concerted & Sequential Model

8.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Phase Transitions and Effect of Intermolecular Forces
02:31

Phase Transitions and Effect of Intermolecular Forces

23.3K
Transition Metals: Electron Configurations and Properties
02:58

Transition Metals: Electron Configurations and Properties

30.0K
Cooperative Allosteric Transitions: Concerted & Sequential Model
01:58

Cooperative Allosteric Transitions: Concerted & Sequential Model

8.8K

Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Synthetic Chemistry

Background:

  • Olefins are crucial organic compounds.
  • Stereoselective synthesis of tetrasubstituted olefins presents a significant challenge in organic chemistry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a practical and stereoselective method for synthesizing tetrasubstituted olefins.
  • To explore the mechanism controlling the stereochemistry of the newly formed double bond.

Main Methods:

  • Conjugate addition of organozinc reagents to 2,3-allenals.
  • Mechanistic studies involving enolate intermediates and protonation.
  • Analysis of 1,3-alkadienol intermediates and their subsequent reactions.

Main Results:

  • A novel method for preparing stereodefined, fully substituted olefins was established.
  • Regiospecific oxygen-protonation of enolate intermediates dictates the double bond geometry.
  • The process yields versatile aldehyde-functionalized tetrasubstituted olefins with high stereochemical control.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method provides efficient access to a wide range of stereodefined tetrasubstituted olefins.
  • The reaction mechanism involves a unique protonation and a concerted hydrogen transfer step.
  • This work offers a valuable tool for synthetic chemists requiring complex olefin structures.