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Surgical Management of Spinal Chondrosarcomas
Charles G Fisher1, Anne L Versteeg, Nicolas Dea
1*Division of Spine, Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, and the Combined Neurosurgical and Orthopaedic Spine Program at Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada †Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands ‡Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada §Unit of Oncologic and Degenerative Spine Surgery, Rizzoli Institute, Bologna, Italy ¶National Center for Spinal Disorders and Buda Health Center, Budapest, Hungary ||The CORE Institute, Phoenix, AZ **Oncologia Ortopedica e Ricostruttiva del Rachide, Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy ††Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD ‡‡Department of Orthopaedics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia §§Spinal Division, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK ¶¶Division of Neurosurgery and Spine Program, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto and Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada ||||Research Department, AOSpine International, Davos, Switzerland ***Department of Neurosurgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX.
Study Design:
An ambispective cohort study.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to determine whether the application of the Enneking classification in the management of spinal chondrosarcomas influences local recurrence and survival.
Summary Of Background Data:
Primary spinal chondrosarcomas are rare. Best available evidence is based on small case series, thus making it difficult to determine optimal management and risk factors for local recurrence and survival.
Methods:
The AOSpine Knowledge Forum Tumor developed a multicenter ambispective database of surgically treated patients with spinal chondrosarcoma. Patient data pertaining to demographics, diagnosis, treatment, cross-sectional survival, and local recurrence were collected. Tumors were classified according to the Enneking classification. Patients were divided into two cohorts: Enneking appropriate (EA) and Enneking inappropriate (EI). They were categorized as EA when the final pathological assessment of the margin matched the Enneking recommendation, and otherwise, they were categorized as EI.
Results:
Between 1987 and 2011, 111 patients (37 female; 74 male) received surgical treatment for a primary spinal chondrosarcoma at a mean age of 47.4 ± 15.8 years. Patients were followed for a median period of 3.1 years (range = 203 d-18.7 yrs). Median survival for the entire cohort was 8.4 years postoperative. After 10 years postoperative, 36 (32%) patients died and 37 (35%) patients suffered a local recurrence. Twenty-three of these 37 patients who suffered a local recurrence died. Sixty (58%) patients received an EA procedure while 44 (42%) received an EI procedure. EI patients had a higher hazard ratio for local recurrence than those who received an EA procedure (P = 0.052). Local recurrence was strongly associated with chondrosarcoma-related death (risk ratio = 3.6, P < 0.010).
Conclusion:
This is the largest multicenter cohort of spinal chondrosarcomas. EA surgical management appeared to correlate with a decreased risk of local recurrence, yet no relationship with survival was found. Where possible, surgeons should strive to achieve EA margins to minimize the risk of local recurrence.
Level Of Evidence:
4.
