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Bunyaviridae. Serological relationships.

S M Eley1, J I Delic, R M Henstridge

  • 1Chemical Defence Establishment, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, UK.

Microbiologica
|October 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

The Bunyaviridae family includes five genera of enveloped viruses. Most are arboviruses, except Hantavirus, with classification based on serology and a specific nucleoprotein marker.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • The Bunyaviridae family is a diverse group of enveloped viruses characterized by trisegmented RNA genomes.
  • This family encompasses five distinct genera, with Bunyavirus being the largest, comprising over 25% of known arboviruses.
  • Hantavirus genus represents a notable exception, as its members are not transmitted by arthropods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the classification and characteristics of the Bunyaviridae family.
  • To highlight the distinguishing features of different genera within Bunyaviridae, particularly regarding arboviral transmission and genetic makeup.
  • To identify key markers for genus differentiation, such as serological relationships and specific protein structures.

Main Methods:

  • Classification of Bunyaviridae genera based on established serological data.
  • Analysis of genomic structure, specifically the trisegmented RNA nature.
  • Identification of physical markers, such as nucleoprotein molecular weight, for genus distinction.

Main Results:

  • Bunyaviridae comprises five genera: Bunyavirus, Hantavirus, Nairovirus, Orthobunyavirus, and Peribunyaviruses.
  • Bunyavirus genus is rich in arboviruses; Hantavirus genus lacks arthropod vectors.
  • Nairoviruses are characterized by a higher molecular weight nucleoprotein and include viruses like Congo-Crimean haemorrhagic fever virus.

Conclusions:

  • Bunyaviridae classification relies heavily on serological evidence and distinct molecular characteristics.
  • The presence or absence of arthropod vectors is a key differentiator among Bunyaviridae genera.
  • Specific viral proteins, like the nucleoprotein in Nairoviruses, serve as crucial diagnostic and taxonomic markers.

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