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The peptidergic control circuit for sighing.

Peng Li1, Wiktor A Janczewski2, Kevin Yackle1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305.

Nature
|February 9, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified a brain circuit controlling sighs, involving specific neuropeptides and receptors. This discovery sheds light on the neural basis of sighing, potentially linking breathing patterns to emotional states.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Respiratory Physiology

Background:

  • Sighs are deep breaths linked to emotions and physiological functions like alveoli reinflation.
  • Sighing frequency increases with hypoxia, stress, and certain psychiatric conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the neural circuits controlling sighing in the brain.
  • To investigate the role of specific neuropeptides in regulating sighing behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular, genetic, and pharmacologic approaches in murine models.
  • Investigated neural subpopulations in the retrotrapezoid nucleus/parafacial respiratory group (RTN/pFRG) and preBötzinger Complex (preBötC).
  • Utilized neuropeptide and receptor manipulations, including gene expression analysis and neuronal ablation.

Main Results:

  • Identified bombesin-like neuropeptide genes (Nmb, Grp) in RTN/pFRG neurons projecting to preBötC.
  • PreBötC neurons express NMB and GRP receptors, mediating sighing.
  • Neuropeptide administration induced sighing; receptor inhibition/elimination reduced or abolished sighing.
  • Ablation of receptor-expressing neurons eliminated basal and hypoxia-induced sighing.

Conclusions:

  • A peptidergic sigh control circuit involving NMB and GRP pathways in the RTN/pFRG and preBötC has been identified.
  • This circuit integrates physiological and emotional inputs to regulate sighing.
  • The findings provide a neural basis for understanding sighing and its modulation by various conditions.