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The Stigma Complex.

Bernice A Pescosolido1, Jack K Martin

  • 1Department of Sociology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405-7103; pescosol@indiana.edu.

Annual Review of Sociology
|February 9, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stigma research has advanced, clarifying new types and measures. A proposed "stigma complex" and Framework Integrating Normative Influences on Stigma (FINIS) aim to reduce confusion and intolerance.

Keywords:
connectednessdiscriminationdisparitiesmental illnessprejudicerace/ethnicitysexual orientation

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Sociology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Stigma research has evolved significantly since the early 2000s, with new types of stigma, expanded measures, and complex levels identified.
  • Progress has highlighted a central issue: interchangeable use of terms and measures, leading to confusion and hindering knowledge accumulation.
  • Recent work challenges standard beliefs and re-evaluates the connection between stigma research and public discourse, suggesting new scientific bases for policy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a theoretical architecture of stigma concepts and processes, focusing on the past 14 years of research.
  • To introduce a "stigma complex" model integrating insights from complex and systems science across disciplines.
  • To present the Framework Integrating Normative Influences on Stigma (FINIS) as a multilevel approach for understanding and addressing stigmatized statuses.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of recent stigma research, particularly over the last 14 years.
  • Development of a theoretical framework defining concepts like prejudice and discrimination within the stigmatization process.
  • Application of complex and systems science principles to conceptualize a "stigma complex."

Main Results:

  • A refined theoretical architecture of stigma concepts, including prejudice and experienced/received discrimination, linked by the stigmatization process.
  • Introduction of the "stigma complex," a systems-based model for a more realistic understanding of stigma.
  • Proposal of the Framework Integrating Normative Influences on Stigma (FINIS) for a multilevel, adaptable approach.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing the confusion in terminology and measurement is crucial for advancing stigma research.
  • The proposed "stigma complex" and FINIS offer new theoretical tools for a more comprehensive understanding of stigma.
  • Future research should focus on enhancing understanding and building a scientific foundation to reduce intolerance and stigma.