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Related Concept Videos

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

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Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure...
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Vasodilators, primarily affecting the smooth muscles within arterial and venous walls, are commonly used for hypertension treatment. Medications such as minoxidil and hydralazine primarily target arteries and arterioles, while sodium nitroprusside acts on arterioles and venules. Minoxidil, functioning as a prodrug, is metabolized by hepatic sulfotransferase into its active form, minoxidil sulfate, after oral administration. This metabolite binds to the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) component of...
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Paracrine Signaling01:21

Paracrine Signaling

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Paracrine signaling allows cells to communicate with their immediate neighbors via secretion of signaling molecules. Such a signal can only trigger a response in nearby target cells because the signal molecules degrade quickly or are inactivated if not taken up. Prominent examples of paracrine signaling include nitric oxide signaling in blood vessels, synaptic signaling of neurons, the blood clotting system, tissue repair/wound healing, and local allergic skin reactions. Nitric oxide as a...
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Antianginal Drugs: Nitrates and β-Blockers01:16

Antianginal Drugs: Nitrates and β-Blockers

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In cardiovascular health, antianginal drugs combat angina pectoris — a condition marked by chest pain owing to diminished blood flow to the heart.
Organic nitrates,  such as nitroglycerin, play a pivotal role. Once metabolized, they liberate nitric oxide, a molecular marvel. Nitric oxide triggers guanylyl cyclase and augments cGMP production. This biochemical cascade orchestrates the relaxation of vascular smooth muscles, ushering in vasodilation and enhancing coronary blood flow....
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Types of Signaling Molecules01:32

Types of Signaling Molecules

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In multicellular organisms, many molecules transmit signals between cells to pass information. These signals vary in complexity and include small peptides, nucleotides, steroids, fatty acid derivatives, and dissolved gases such as nitric oxide. Some signaling molecules diffuse through the plasma membrane to act locally between neighboring cells or travel long distances. Others remain attached to the cell surface, transmitting information to other cells only when they make contact. In some...
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Male Sexual Response: Erection & Ejaculation01:17

Male Sexual Response: Erection & Ejaculation

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Sexual stimulation can take various forms, such as physical touch and visual or auditory cues. When this happens, the parasympathetic reflex in the sacral portion of the spinal cord is activated. This reflex stimulates the release of nitric oxide (NO), which then dilates the arterioles in the penis, increasing blood flow to the erectile tissues - the corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum.
The blood filling the erectile tissues compresses the veins, which helps to prevent blood from leaving...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 26, 2026

En Face Detection of Nitric Oxide and Superoxide in Endothelial Layer of Intact Arteries
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En Face Detection of Nitric Oxide and Superoxide in Endothelial Layer of Intact Arteries

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Nitric oxide generating/releasing materials.

Hongying Liang1, Parimala Nacharaju1, Adam Friedman2

  • 1Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.

Future Science OA
|February 9, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers are exploring ways to use nitric oxide (NO) for therapy. Current methods involve chemical compounds and nanoparticles, but precise delivery remains a challenge.

Keywords:
NONONOatesliposomesnanoparticlesnitrosothiols

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Chemical Biology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Nitric oxide (NO) possesses significant therapeutic potential.
  • Challenges exist in effectively harnessing NO for medical applications.
  • Current strategies focus on chemical and physical delivery methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current strategies for nitric oxide (NO) delivery.
  • To discuss the chemistry, physics, and applications of NO-releasing systems.
  • To highlight advancements in NO-based therapeutics.

Main Methods:

  • Overview of molecular systems like NONOates for NO release.
  • Examination of delivery vehicles such as nanoparticles for NO generation, storage, transport, and delivery.
  • Inclusion of related bioactive forms of NO, such as nitrosothiols.

Main Results:

  • Several promising strategies for NO delivery have been identified.
  • Molecular systems and nanoparticles show potential for NO therapeutics.
  • Progress has been made in generating, storing, transporting, and delivering NO.

Conclusions:

  • Significant advancements have been made in NO-based therapeutic strategies.
  • Precise production, transport, and targeted delivery of therapeutic NO levels are still under development.
  • The field is in its early stages, requiring further research for optimal application.