Intrauterine growth restriction - part 1

Area of Science:

• Perinatology
• Fetal Medicine
• Neonatology

Background:

• Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a critical condition impacting fetal and neonatal health, often leading to significant morbidity and mortality.
• IUGR is characterized by fetal growth falling below its normal potential for a specific infant.
• While often used interchangeably, IUGR and small for gestational age (SGA) have distinct definitions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of the antenatal aspects of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).
• To discuss the various etiologies contributing to IUGR, including maternal, placental, fetal, and genetic factors.
• To highlight proven preventive interventions and management strategies for IUGR during the antenatal period.

Main Methods:

• This is a review article, synthesizing existing literature on IUGR.
• Focuses on antenatal factors and interventions.
• Examines maternal, placental, fetal, and genetic contributions to IUGR.

Main Results:

• IUGR stems from diverse etiologies: maternal, placental, fetal, and genetic factors.
• Antenatal identification and management are crucial for mitigating IUGR's impact.
• Proven preventive strategies exist for managing IUGR.

Conclusions:

• IUGR is a complex condition with multifactorial causes requiring a thorough understanding of antenatal influences.
• Effective antenatal management and preventive interventions are key to improving fetal and neonatal outcomes.
• Distinguishing between IUGR and SGA is important for accurate diagnosis and tailored care.