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Subcortical volumetric abnormalities in bipolar disorder.

D P Hibar1, L T Westlye2,3, T G M van Erp4

  • 1Imaging Genetics Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

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|February 10, 2016
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Summary

Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with brain changes, including smaller hippocampus and thalamus volumes and enlarged lateral ventricles. Lithium use may correlate with larger thalamic volumes in BD patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Psychiatry
  • Brain Anatomy

Background:

  • Bipolar disorder (BD) diagnosis lacks definitive neurobiological markers.
  • Understanding brain changes in BD is crucial for developing biomarkers for disease progression and prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify case-control differences in intracranial volume (ICV) and subcortical brain structures in bipolar disorder.
  • To investigate potential differences in brain volume between bipolar I (BDI) and bipolar II (BDII) subtypes.
  • To explore the effect of lithium treatment on brain volumes in BD patients.

Main Methods:

  • Large-scale neuroimaging meta-analysis comparing 1710 BD patients and 2594 healthy controls.
  • Volumetric analysis of the hippocampus, thalamus, lateral ventricles, and other subcortical structures.
  • Stratification analysis by BD subtype (BDI vs. BDII) and lithium treatment status.

Main Results:

  • Consistent volumetric reductions in the hippocampus and thalamus, and enlarged lateral ventricles were observed in BD patients compared to controls.
  • BDI patients showed larger lateral ventricles and smaller hippocampus and amygdala volumes than controls.
  • Exploratory analysis indicated larger thalamic volumes in BD patients taking lithium compared to those not on lithium.

Conclusions:

  • Bipolar disorder is associated with specific subcortical brain volume alterations.
  • Current subtype classifications may not fully capture distinct neurobiological profiles.
  • Lithium treatment may be associated with preserved thalamic volume in BD.