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Promoting Testicular Cancer Awareness and Screening: A Systematic Review of Interventions
Mohamad M Saab1, Margaret Landers, Josephine Hegarty
1Author Affiliation: Catherine McAuley School of Nursing and Midwifery, University College Cork, Ireland.
Background:
Testicular cancer (TC) is a relatively curable malignancy that predominantly affects young males. Key decision makers discourage TC screening because of lack of evidence about the benefits of this practice, whereas others argue that men must be aware of normal versus abnormal testicular findings. Despite the debate on TC surveillance, a number of research efforts are still being made to increase men's awareness of TC and its screening.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to systematically review studies that were conducted to enhance men's knowledge and awareness regarding TC and its screening and increase their TC screening intentions and practices.
Methods:
Studies published in English between 2004 and 2014 were reviewed using 3 e-databases, and interventions that were in line with the review aims were selected.
Results:
A total of 3076 records were screened for eligibility, and 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. The majority of the reviewed interventions successfully enhanced men's awareness of TC and its screening and increased their intentions to perform testicular self-examination. Examples include videos about TC, shower gel sachets, stickers, and posters, a television show, a university campaign, and high self-efficacy messages about TC screening. Men at risk of health disparities were underrepresented in the reviewed literature.
Conclusions:
A number of interesting channels through which men can learn about TC were identified. Examples include social media and mass media.
Implications For Practice:
Given the controversy that surrounds TC screening, nurses can play a key role in increasing men's awareness of TC rather than advising periodical TC self-examination.
Insights
Testicular cancer (TC) awareness interventions effectively increased men's knowledge and self-screening intentions. Educational materials and campaigns show promise in promoting testicular cancer screening practices among young men.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Public Health
- Health Education
Background:
- Testicular cancer (TC) is a curable malignancy primarily affecting young men.
- Debate exists regarding TC screening benefits, yet awareness of normal versus abnormal findings is crucial.
- Research continues to focus on increasing men's awareness and screening for TC.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review studies on interventions enhancing men's knowledge and awareness of TC.
- To assess the impact of these interventions on testicular cancer screening intentions and practices.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of English-language studies published between 2004 and 2014.
- Searches conducted across 3 electronic databases.
- Selection of interventions aligned with enhancing TC awareness and screening.
Main Results:
- 11 studies out of 3076 screened records met inclusion criteria.
- Most interventions successfully improved men's TC awareness and testicular self-examination intentions.
- Effective methods included videos, media campaigns, and high self-efficacy messages; underrepresentation of at-risk populations noted.
Conclusions:
- Social media and mass media are effective channels for TC education.
- Nurses can play a vital role in raising TC awareness, distinct from advocating for routine self-examination.
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