Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Production of Organic Acids01:25

Production of Organic Acids

24
Lactic acid, an important organic acid extensively applied in food, pharmaceutical, and biodegradable polymer industries, is primarily produced via microbial fermentation. This method is favored over chemical synthesis due to its environmental sustainability and capacity for enantiomerically pure product formation. Among various microbial processes, the fermentation of starch-based substrates stands out due to the abundance and renewability of raw materials like corn and potatoes.Hydrolysis of...
24
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

3.0K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
3.0K
Hydrolysis01:15

Hydrolysis

124.5K
Overview
Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction in which the addition of water breaks down a polymer into its simpler monomer units. For example, peptides break into amino acids, carbohydrates into simple sugars, and DNA into nucleotides. Enzymes often facilitate these processes.
Hydrolysis Reverses Dehydration Synthesis
Complex carbohydrates can be broken down by breaking the bonds between individual sugar units. The reaction breaks a glycosidic bond as water is added to the compound. The...
124.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Investigating the electronic and magnetic properties of Na <sub><i>x</i></sub> Fe<sub>1/2</sub>Mn<sub>1/2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> cathode materials with X-ray Compton scattering.

RSC advances·2026
Same author

A comparison of monocyte-derived macrophages with and without prior CD14+ magnetic sorting.

Journal of immunological methods·2026
Same author

Comparative Evaluation of Additives in Softwood Fractionation: Impacts on Lignin Recovery and Pulp Quality.

ChemSusChem·2026
Same author

Diagnostic Accuracy of the Triglyceride-Glucose Derived Indices in Detecting Metabolic Syndrome in Pediatric Patients.

Journal of obesity & metabolic syndrome·2025
Same author

Fractionation of Wood Biomass With Thiolactic Acid and Choline Chloride-Based Solvent Into White Lignin for Sustainable Cooling Applications.

ChemSusChem·2025
Same author

Impact of carbon content on the adsorptive performance of Zr-MOF composites for diclofenac sodium removal.

RSC advances·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Designed for Molecular Recycling: A Lignin-Derived Semi-aromatic Biobased Polymer
10:22

Designed for Molecular Recycling: A Lignin-Derived Semi-aromatic Biobased Polymer

Published on: November 30, 2020

4.0K

Solid acid-catalyzed depolymerization of barley straw driven by ball milling.

Laura Schneider1, Jasmiina Haverinen2, Mari Jaakkola2

  • 1University of Oulu, Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, P.O. Box 3000, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland; University of Jyvaskyla, Kokkola University Consortium Chydenius, FI-67100 Kokkola, Finland.

Bioresource Technology
|February 10, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Mechanocatalytical pretreatment of barley straw using oxalic acid dihydrate offers a solvent-free method to produce reducing sugars. This efficient process yields 42% total reducing sugars (TRS) with minimal degradation products.

Keywords:
Barley straw (Hordeum vulgare)LignocelluloseMechanocatalytical conversionOxalic acid dihydrateSolid catalyst

More Related Videos

Reducing Willow Wood Fuel Emission by Low Temperature Microwave Assisted Hydrothermal Carbonization
09:46

Reducing Willow Wood Fuel Emission by Low Temperature Microwave Assisted Hydrothermal Carbonization

Published on: May 19, 2019

8.8K
Extraction of Lignin with High &#946;-O-4 Content by Mild Ethanol Extraction and Its Effect on the Depolymerization Yield
10:18

Extraction of Lignin with High β-O-4 Content by Mild Ethanol Extraction and Its Effect on the Depolymerization Yield

Published on: January 7, 2019

22.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Designed for Molecular Recycling: A Lignin-Derived Semi-aromatic Biobased Polymer
10:22

Designed for Molecular Recycling: A Lignin-Derived Semi-aromatic Biobased Polymer

Published on: November 30, 2020

4.0K
Reducing Willow Wood Fuel Emission by Low Temperature Microwave Assisted Hydrothermal Carbonization
09:46

Reducing Willow Wood Fuel Emission by Low Temperature Microwave Assisted Hydrothermal Carbonization

Published on: May 19, 2019

8.8K
Extraction of Lignin with High &#946;-O-4 Content by Mild Ethanol Extraction and Its Effect on the Depolymerization Yield
10:18

Extraction of Lignin with High β-O-4 Content by Mild Ethanol Extraction and Its Effect on the Depolymerization Yield

Published on: January 7, 2019

22.3K

Area of Science:

  • Biomass Conversion
  • Green Chemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Lignocellulosic biomass, such as barley straw, is an abundant renewable resource.
  • Efficient conversion of biomass into valuable products like sugars is crucial for biorefineries.
  • Current pretreatment methods often involve harsh chemicals, high energy input, or solvents.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a time and energy-saving, solvent-free procedure for converting barley straw into reducing sugars.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of various solid acids as catalysts in mechanocatalytical pretreatment.
  • To optimize pretreatment parameters for maximizing total reducing sugar (TRS) yield.

Main Methods:

  • Mechanocatalytical pretreatment of barley straw using ball milling.
  • Hydrolysis of pretreated samples at varying temperatures.
  • Catalyst screening with a focus on solid acids, identifying oxalic acid dihydrate.
  • Quantification of total reducing sugars (TRS) using the DNS assay.
  • Analysis using capillary electrophoresis (CE) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR).

Main Results:

  • Oxalic acid dihydrate demonstrated high catalytic conversion efficiency.
  • Optimal conditions yielded 42% total reducing sugars (TRS) from barley straw.
  • Mechanical treatment parameters were optimized for maximum TRS release.
  • Acid strength was identified as a key factor in barley straw depolymerization.
  • The oxalic acid-catalyzed process produced low levels of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF).

Conclusions:

  • Mechanocatalytical pretreatment with oxalic acid dihydrate is an effective and sustainable method for barley straw conversion.
  • This approach offers significant advantages in terms of time, energy, and solvent reduction.
  • The study highlights the importance of catalyst selection and acid strength in biomass depolymerization.