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Developmental Programming, a Pathway to Disease

Vasantha Padmanabhan1, Rodolfo C Cardoso1, Muraly Puttabyatappa1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-5718.

Endocrinology
|February 10, 2016
PubMed

Insights

Perinatal insults, such as disease or stress, can alter fetal development, leading to adult diseases. This review explores common outcomes and pathways, identifying research gaps in developmental programming.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Reproductive medicine
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Perinatal insults negatively impact fetal development, causing long-term health issues.
  • Insults include maternal disease, nutrition, stress, environmental exposures, and medical interventions.
  • These factors can lead to adult pathologies through altered developmental trajectories.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review insults contributing to developmental programming.
  • To highlight common disease outcomes and converging mechanistic pathways.
  • To identify knowledge gaps and future research directions in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on perinatal insults and developmental programming.
  • Analysis of commonalities in disease outcomes across different insults.
  • Examination of converging mechanistic pathways linking insults to pathologies.
  • Identification of current knowledge gaps and future research priorities.

Main Results:

  • Various perinatal insults converge on common mechanistic pathways.
  • Diverse insults can lead to similar long-term detrimental outcomes and adult pathologies.
  • Animal models are crucial for understanding underlying mechanisms of developmental programming.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the common pathways of developmental programming is key to preventing adult diseases.
  • Further research is needed to address identified knowledge gaps.
  • Interventions targeting perinatal insults hold promise for improving long-term health outcomes.

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