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On the evolution of patch-type dependent immigration.

Mats Gyllenberg1, Éva Kisdi1, Helene C Weigang1

  • 1Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 68, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals that immigration decisions depend on patch type, a factor often overlooked in theoretical models. Coevolution can lead to generalists and specialists coexisting, with specialists favoring high-reward patches.

Keywords:
Adaptive dynamicsDispersalGeneralist-specialistKin competitionSettlement

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Theoretical Biology

Background:

  • Empirical studies show immigration decisions are patch-type dependent.
  • Theoretical models often simplify or ignore this patch-type dependency.
  • Understanding these decisions is crucial for population dynamics in heterogeneous environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolution of patch-type dependent immigration.
  • To model immigration decisions mechanistically within a heterogeneous landscape.
  • To explore the coevolutionary outcomes of specialist and generalist strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Employed adaptive dynamics to derive analytical and numerical results.
  • Modeled immigration decisions with mechanistic underpinnings.
  • Analyzed life-history traits in relation to patch type (low and high reward).

Main Results:

  • Observed evolutionary branching in a wide parameter range.
  • Demonstrated that individuals preferentially settle in high-reward patches due to higher survival, fecundity, and emigration probability.
  • Showed that immigration into low-reward patches increases with emigration probability from those patches.
  • Found that immigration into low-reward patches decreases when high-reward patches become less safe.

Conclusions:

  • Coevolution can lead to the stable coexistence of generalist and specialist strategies.
  • Specialists exclusively immigrate into high-reward patches.
  • Environmental factors, such as patch safety and emigration probabilities, significantly influence immigration strategies.