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Related Concept Videos

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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The Nucleolus02:55

The Nucleolus

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The nucleolus is the most prominent substructure of the nucleus. When it was first discovered, it was considered to be an isolated organelle that forms fibrils and granules. In 1931, the relationship between the nucleolus and chromosomes was first described by Heitz. He observed that the appearance and size of nucleolus varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle. He also noticed constricted regions on different chromosomes clustered together at definite cell cycle stages. These regions,...
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Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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The Retinoblastoma Gene01:20

The Retinoblastoma Gene

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Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
The first-ever tumor suppressor gene called Rb was identified in retinoblastoma - a rare eye tumor in children. In inherited forms of the disease, a child inherits one defective copy of the Rb gene, which predisposes them to retinoblastoma. However,...
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Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Repression of Multiple Myeloma Cell Growth In Vivo by Single-wall Carbon Nanotube SWCNT-delivered MALAT1 Antisense Oligos
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Long-noncoding RNAs in basal cell carcinoma.

Michael Sand1,2, Falk G Bechara3, Daniel Sand4

  • 1Dermatologic Surgery Unit, Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44791, Bochum, Germany. michael.sand@ruhr-uni-bochum.de.

Tumour Biology : the Journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine
|February 11, 2016
PubMed
Summary

This study identified numerous long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) with altered expression in basal cell carcinoma (BCC). These lncRNA expression changes may contribute to the development of BCC, warranting further investigation.

Keywords:
Basal cell carcinomaEpithelial skin cancerLong noncoding RNAsNoncoding RNAsNonmelanoma skin cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate gene expression at multiple levels.
  • Aberrant lncRNA expression is implicated in various cancers, including skin malignancies.
  • Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a common form of skin cancer with complex molecular underpinnings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in basal cell carcinoma (BCC).
  • To explore the potential role of these dysregulated lncRNAs in the molecular pathogenesis of BCC.
  • To investigate associated mRNA expression profiles and relevant biological pathways in BCC.

Main Methods:

  • Microarray analysis of lncRNA and mRNA expression in BCC tumor samples and nonlesional epidermal skin controls.
  • Validation of microarray findings using RT-PCR.
  • Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses of differentially expressed mRNAs.

Main Results:

  • A significant number of lncRNAs were found to be differentially expressed in BCC compared to normal skin (1851 upregulated, 2165 downregulated).
  • Specific lncRNAs, including CASC15 and ANRIL, known for oncogenic or epidermis-specific roles, were identified among the differentially expressed sequences.
  • Enrichment analysis revealed "extracellular matrix" as a key GO target for upregulated transcripts and "Focal adhesion" as a highly enriched KEGG pathway.

Conclusions:

  • Basal cell carcinoma exhibits a distinct lncRNA and mRNA expression profile.
  • The dysregulation of specific lncRNAs, including known oncogenic ones, likely contributes to BCC development.
  • Further research into the functional roles of these altered lncRNAs is crucial for understanding BCC pathogenesis.