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Racial-Sex Disparities--A Challenging Battle Against Cancer Mortality in the USA.

Wenjiang J Fu1

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Summary

US cancer mortality shows varied trends across sites, races, and sex. While some cancers declined, others like lung and liver cancer increased in specific groups, necessitating targeted interventions.

Keywords:
Cancer mortalityDisparitiesIncidenceRate ratioTrend

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Recent reports indicate a decline in US cancer mortality.
  • Previous analyses used methods that may obscure site-specific or group-specific trends.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze US cancer mortality trends from 1974 to 2008.
  • To examine disparities in cancer mortality by cancer site, race, and sex.
  • To identify specific populations with increasing cancer mortality.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized cancer incidence-based mortality data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (1974-2008).
  • Analyzed mortality trends for specific cancer sites: cervix, prostate, colon and rectum, lung, leukemia, liver, pancreas, and stomach.
  • Developed a model-based mortality rate and calculated rate ratios to assess temporal changes within race-sex groups.

Main Results:

  • Mortality declined for cervix, colon and rectum, leukemia, and stomach cancers across most groups.
  • Prostate cancer initially increased then decreased at varying rates.
  • Lung cancer mortality decreased in males but increased in females; liver cancer mortality increased significantly, especially in females and males of white and black races.

Conclusions:

  • US cancer mortality trends are heterogeneous across cancer sites, races, and sex.
  • Overall reported declines may not represent all cancer types or demographic groups.
  • Targeted public health efforts are crucial for populations experiencing rising lung and liver cancer mortality.