Ankle Joint Angle and Lower Leg Musculotendinous Unit Responses to Cryotherapy

Area of Science:

• Sports Medicine
• Exercise Physiology
• Biomechanics

Background:

• The effects of cryotherapy on joint range of motion (ROM) and stiffness remain debated.
• Understanding these effects is crucial for optimizing rehabilitation and performance protocols.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the impact of a 30-minute ice bag application on passive ankle dorsiflexion ROM and lower leg musculotendinous stiffness (MTS).
• To determine if cryotherapy influences passive torque and muscle activation.

Main Methods:

• Thirty-five recreationally active individuals participated in the study.
• Measurements of passive ankle dorsiflexion ROM, plantarflexor torque, and MTS were taken before, during, and after a 30-minute ice application to the posterior lower leg or ankle.
• Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to assess muscle activity.

Main Results:

• Ice bag application to the lower leg and ankle did not alter passive dorsiflexion ROM.
• Passive torque increased significantly after ice application to the lower leg.
• Passive MTS at the initial joint angle increased, while gastrocnemius and soleus muscle EMG amplitudes also showed an increase.

Conclusions:

• Cryotherapy via ice bag application does not impair passive range of motion.
• It can increase passive plantarflexor torque and musculotendinous stiffness, particularly at lower joint angles.
• These findings suggest potential implications for strength and conditioning programs.