Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 26, 2026

Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates
10:04

Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates

Published on: September 5, 2017

19.4K

DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS AMONG URBAN THAI CHILDREN: A 10-YEAR REVIEW

Warunee Punpanich Vandepittel, Rattirot Rattanasataporn, Vipa Treeratweeraphong

    The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health
    |February 12, 2016
    PubMed

    Insights

    Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) in children is a growing concern. Streptomycin resistance is common, and previous TB treatment or bone/joint issues increase DR-TB risk, suggesting streptomycin is not ideal for initial childhood TB treatment in Thailand.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatrics
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) presents a significant and escalating global public health challenge.
    • Understanding DR-TB in pediatric populations is crucial for effective treatment strategies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate risk factors, drug susceptibility patterns, and clinical outcomes of children diagnosed with DR-TB.
    • To evaluate the effectiveness of tuberculin skin testing (TST) in diagnosing TB in HIV-infected and uninfected children.
    • To provide evidence-based recommendations for childhood tuberculosis treatment in Thailand.

    Main Methods:

    • A retrospective chart review was conducted on pediatric patients treated for tuberculosis at a national institute in Bangkok, Thailand.
    • Mycobacterium tuberculosis cultures were analyzed for drug susceptibility.
    • Tuberculin skin testing sensitivity was assessed using different cut-off points for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and uninfected children.

    Main Results:

    • Of 91 patients, 78 had available susceptibility results. Resistance to at least one anti-tubercular drug was observed in 28.2% of cases.
    • Streptomycin resistance was most frequent (21.7%), followed by isoniazid (11.5%). Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was found in 3.8% of cases.
    • History of previous TB treatment and bone/joint involvement were significantly associated with higher DR-TB rates (p < 0.01). TST sensitivity varied significantly between HIV-infected (14.3%) and uninfected (76.9%) children.

    Conclusions:

    • High rates of drug resistance, particularly to streptomycin, necessitate revised treatment guidelines for childhood tuberculosis in Thailand.
    • Streptomycin should not be used as a first-line treatment for childhood tuberculosis in this region.
    • Further research into optimal diagnostic and treatment approaches for pediatric DR-TB is warranted.

    More Related Videos

    Demonstrating a Multi-drug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Amplification Microarray07:35

    Demonstrating a Multi-drug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Amplification Microarray

    Published on: April 25, 2014

    13.3K
    The MODS method for diagnosis of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis23:06

    The MODS method for diagnosis of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis

    Published on: August 11, 2008

    19.7K

    Related Concept Videos

    Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

    Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

    Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
    Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
    761
    Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

    Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

    Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
    Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
    628
    Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

    Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

    Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
    Causative Organism
    The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
    Mode of...
    1.2K
    Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

    Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

    Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
    The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
    1.3K
    Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

    Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

    Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
    Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
    Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
    2.0K
    Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA01:25

    Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance in MRSA

    Antibiotic resistance in bacteria arises when microorganisms evolve the ability to withstand drugs designed to kill them or inhibit their growth, rendering once-effective treatments useless. This phenomenon, driven by genetic change and selection under antibiotic exposure, poses a profound threat to modern medicine. Mechanisms include drug-inactivating enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), efflux pumps that eject antibiotics, mutations altering antibiotic targets, decreased drug uptake, and...
    60